Honors World History Final Exam Review: Africa and Modern Southwest Asia

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms, significant figures, and major historical events from the Africa and Southwest Asia review guide.

Kwame Nkrumah

The leader who oversaw Ghana's independence from British colonial rule and promoted the concept of Pan-Africanism.

Jomo Kenyatta

An anti-colonial activist and politician who served as the first President of Kenya.

FLN

The National Liberation Front, a socialist political party in Algeria that led the struggle for independence from France.

Coup d'etat

A sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government.

Mobutu Sese-Seko

The military dictator and President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) from 1965 to 1997.

Apartheid

A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that existed in South Africa.

African National Congress

The Republic of South Africa's governing political party, which was primary in the opposition to apartheid.

Nelson Mandela

The anti-apartheid revolutionary and political leader who became the first black president of South Africa.

Hutu

The ethnic group in Rwanda that was involved in the genocide against the Tutsi population.

RPE

The Rwandan Patriotic Front (referenced in notes as RPE), the rebel group that eventually ended the Rwandan genocide.

Interhamwe

A Hutu paramilitary organization that carried out much of the killing during the 1994 Rwandan genocide.

Balfour Declaration

A 1917 public statement issued by the British government announcing support for the establishment of a 'national home for the Jewish people' in Palestine.

Yasser Arafat

The Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and a leader of the Fatah political party.

Anwar Sadat

The President of Egypt who signed the Camp David Accords but was later assassinated.

Iranian (Islamic) Revolution

The 1979 revolution that replaced the pro-Western monarchy of the Shah with an Islamic republic led by Ayatollah Khomeini.

Theocracy

A form of government in which a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, often interpreted by religious authorities.

Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)

A protracted armed conflict that began when Iraq invaded Iran following the Iranian Revolution.

Hezbollah

A Shia Islamist political party and militant group based in Lebanon, often supported by Iran.

Saddam Hussein

The President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003 who led the country during the Iran-Iraq War and the Persian Gulf War.

Zionism

A movement for the self-determination of the Jewish people and the establishment of a Jewish state in their ancestral homeland.

Pan-Arabism

An ideology advocating for the unification of the countries of North Africa and Western Asia, closely associated with Gamal Abdul Nasser.

Suez Crisis (1956)

An invasion of Egypt by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France, to regain Western control of the Suez Canal.

Six-Day War (1967)

A war in which Israel captured the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, and Sinai Peninsula.

Pales. Lib. Org. (PLO)

The Palestine Liberation Organization, founded in 1964 with the goal of the liberation of Palestine.

Strait of Hormuz

A strategically important waterway between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.

Operation: Desert Storm

The combat phase of the Persian Gulf War (1991) to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait.

WMD's

Weapons of mass destruction, which were a stated justification for the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Osama bin Laden

The founder of Al-Qaeda and the mastermind behind the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.