etv autocratic states pose more challenges to global and regional stability than democracies

para

use of force and military escalation

terrorism, proxy wars

econ coercion

use of force and military escalation

yes: russia annexation of crimea clear violation of state sov, set precedent for later invations ukraine 2022. russia-syria and aleppo 2015-16 russian bombing campaign prolonged civil war, caused humanitarian catastriohe and refugee flows. realist theory: russia acting as revisionist pwr, seeking sphere of influnce regardless of norms. justify actions defensively and face fewer restraints.

no: democracies also destabilise thru military action. usa war w iran 2026- major destabilising imapct on middle east security and global nrg supply. irael gaza 2023-now large scale military operations caused massive regional instability and humanitarian crisis. states, not regime types use force when security is threatened.

terrorism, proxy wars

yes: autocracies generate instability internally and externally. iran= repression after 2022 protests brutal crackdown deepened instability and radicalisation. iran- sponsorship of hezbollah and hamas use of proxies to destabilise israel, lebanon,gaza. armed, funded and trained to attack israel and destabilise neigbours. iran- n.korea cooperation undermines npt and raises regional arms races. LIB lack of rule of law undermines kantian peace (democracy, trade, institutions)

no: democracies also destabilising internal divisions. usa- action in venezuela 2023-26- sanctions, regime change pressure and intervention worsened humanitarian crisis. usa- repudation damaged caused by ice and guantanamo bay weakens democratic soft pwr and stability abroad. usa support for proxies eg anti communist groups in central america + sipport for hussien in iran iraq war. REAL weak states not just autocracies generate instability. democracies also use force when deterrence fails

econ coercion

yes: autocracies weaponise economics and nrg. russia nrg leverage over europe pre 2022 created long term dependency and instability.

iran and north korea sanctions evasion fuels criminal networks and undermines global order. REAL evon pwr is another tool of coercion.

no: democracies also destabilise thru econ coercion. usa sanctions on venezuela and iran econ pressure worsened humanitarian outcomes. lib: econ natioonalism undermines interdependence