Scienceseses

1998

In ____, World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Program founded the Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change (IPCC)

Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change (IPCC)

It is composed of scientists tasked to assess climate change impacts and future risks to the planet

Greenhouse Effect

Is a natural process and is vital to our survival on Earth.

Greenhouse Effect

It raises the temperature of the planet to levels that make life on Earth habitable

Greenhouse Effect

Without this, Earth is like the Mars: a frozen, uninhabitable place

Greenhouse

As its name implies, it works like a “greenhouse” installed to grow plants

Warming

Sunlight penetrates the atmosphere during the day. Results in the _____ of Earth's surface

Cools and heat

During nighttime, Earth's surface _____ is released back into the atmosphere

15 degree celsius 

The greenhouse gases trap some of the heat and maintain the average temperature of the Earth at _____

Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.

Some of the major GHGs present in our atmosphere are _____

280, 400

Due to high concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere, carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have increased since preindustrial times from ___ parts per million to over ___ parts per million 

0.74 degree celsius

Earth's average surface temperature have risen about _____ during the past 100 years

0.22 degree celsius

Average global temperature rise of _____ per decade

Carbon footprint

Corresponds to the total amount of carbon dioxide emission produced by an individual or an organization over period of time

Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide

Gases under carbon footprint recognized by Kyoto Protockl are _____

7 tons

Average carbon footprint per person is ___ carbon dioxide equivalent per year but in other countries like USA, perssonal carbon footprint is 16 tons

Direct Emission and Indirect Emission

Carbon footprint 2 categories

Direct Emission

Caused by activities thag result in the directing burning of fossil fuel, which releases CO2

Indirect Emission

It describes emission thay have an indirect connection to certain activities related to human consumption

El Niño

This happens when the ocean, or above average sea-surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial Pacific becomes warmer than usual, with east winds blowing weaker than normal

El Niño

It increases the chance for drought in Australia, India, Indonesia, etc.

La Niña

During _____, trade winds are even stronger than usual, pushing more warm water toward Asia

La Niña

This event will increase the likelihood of normal rainfall that may lead into heavy rainfall

Neutral

Phase when neither El Niño nor La Niña occurs.

Neutral

During this Phase, trade winds move east to west across the Pacific Ocean’ surface, brining warmmoist air and warmer surface waters toward the western Pacific and keeping the Central Pacific Ocean coo

Stratosphere

Term ozone layer refers to the thick layer of ozone thay is found in the _____

Ozone Layer Depletion

It encircles the globe and shields the life of Earth from the sun's harmful UV-B rays

97%

Ozone layer has the potential to absorb around ___ of UV-B radiation that causes skin cancer, etc.

Ozone Layer Depletion

Is the thinning of ozone layer present in the atmosphere.

Ozone-depleting substance

Are the compounds that cause ozone depletion

CFC and HCFC

Examples of ODS that release chlorine are _____

Stratosphere

Ozone molecules are destroyed when chlorine and bromine atoms come into contact with them in the _____

100,000

Before Ozone molecules is eliminated from the stratosphere, one chlorine atom can destroy ___,___ ozone molecules

Sustainable development

The world's standard definition of environmental sustainability is _____

1987

Concept that gained importance in ____ when the World Commission on Environment released a report that focuses on environmental sustainability

15-year

In 2015, UN and its member countries adopted the SGDs, a _____ plan that addressed 17 global and interconnected issues

Barbara Ward

She coined the term “sustainable development” in 1970s

Sustainable Resources Management

Is the practice of managing resources in a way that benefits both current and future generations

Social inclusion (people, communities, etc.), Economic growth (jobs and employment), and Environmental protection (animals, plants, biodiversity)

3 core factors

• Population growth

• War and Instability

• Global Economy and Poverty

• Sustainability and Availability

• Government Issues

Key challenges that need to be resolved to realize sustainable management and development

UN Framework Classification of Resources

Is a global system for managing energy and mineral resources

1.1 degree celsius

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report from March 2023 says human-caused warming of _____ is driving major, lasting climate changes

Migration and Adoptation

Two actions to respond on human-caused warming

Migration

Cutting greenhouse gas emission

Adaptation

Adjusting to current and future climate impacts

1. Increasing Carbon Sequestration and Conservation

2. Use of bioenergy

3. Reduced fertilizer use

4. Improved energy efficiency

Ways to Mitigate and Adapt to the Impacts of Climate Change