adult intervention final

non-judging

approaching your experience as an unbiased witness

patience

being open to each moment and accepting it as it unfolds

beginner’s mind

letting go of expectations so that you can see situations, people, and thoughts with fresh eyes

trust

being receptive to both your own internal experience and the perspectives of others

non-striving

focusing on being present rather than trying to achieve a specific outcome

acceptance

recognizing and allowing your present-moment experience without resisting it, even if it is uncomfortable or difficult

letting go

noticing when you are holding onto thoughts, emotions, or experiences and allowing them to pass naturally

avoidance maintains PTSD

avoiding trauma reminders reinforces fear and prevents recover

emotional processing

review the change in distress or habituation to the feared responses; note the thoughts and feelings present during or after exposures that may contribute to the maintenance of PTSD symptoms

inhibitory control

learning that feared situations are actually safe by creating new, non-threatening associations that will inhibit the original fear memories

habituation

when trauma-related anxiety and fear decrease over time through repeated exposures

psychoeducation

telling the client that memories and reminders of the trauma aren’t dangerous, can be experienced without significant distress, doesn’t last forever, emotional responses can reduce over time, bodily responses are not dangerous, and the client can handle negative affect

breathing retraining

includes taking a normal inhale and exhaling by breathing out a relaxing word

imaginal exposure

the complete story of the traumatic event is visited repeatedly through a recounting of the traumatic memory

in vivo exposures

repeated exposures to safe situations or activities the client was formerly avoiding due to fearful reminders of trauma

partnership

the idea that MI is a collaborative endeavor that a clinician does with someone, not to them

acceptance

meeting the client where they are, without judgment, supporting their autonomy

compassion

using MI to prioritize the client’s welfare and best interests, not one’s own agenda

evocation

clarifies the provider’s role within MI; rather than approaching client change from a deficit model, one must assume the perspective that the client holds much of what they need

open-ended questions

inviting the person to think and elaborate before responding

reflective listening

mirror what the therapist heard with intention

summaries

extended reflections that string together several things a person has said, conveying that the clinician has been listening carefully, remembering, and valuing what the client has shared

engaging

goes beyond simple rapport; involves genuinely understanding the client and reflecting that understanding

focusing

the process of identifying and maintaining a shared change goal

evoking

the clinician elicits the client’s own motivation for change

elaborate

clinicians invite client to expand on their change talk

affirm

reinforcing change talk genuinely

reflect

mirror back what the client said

summarize

string together what was said to reflect all change talk at once

prepatory change talk

reflects the pro-change side of ambivalence with no direct commitment to change: DARN (desire, ability, reasons, need)

mobilizing change talk

signals that the client is ready to act on change: CAT (commitment, activation, taking steps)

inflexible attention

the ability to consciously pay attention to both the inner and outer worlds, calm down, figure out what’s important, and sustain focus towards it

remoteness from values

occurs when a person’s values become overlooked, neglected, or forgotten

unworkable action

behavior patterns that lead individuals away from mindful living in alignment with their values

fusion with self-concept

occurs when people believe that the thoughts they have describe who they are as a person

fusion

a condition where our thoughts exert excessive influence over our physical actions and awareness

experiential avoidance

when private experiences (like thoughts, emotions, and memories) are continuously avoided

away move

actions that you can take that may not be in line with your goals and values

towards moves

actions that you can take that are aligned with your goals and values