Chapter 2: Anthropology

Processual Archaeology

Is the Process of examining culture one after another.

Neolithic Revolution

Is the domestication of plants and animals.

Barbarism

Refers to more advanced, but not yet civilized societies.

Anthropological Archaeology

The study, execution, and training of archeology research based on anthropology.

New Archeology

Explains the past and looks for the why behind human pre-history.

Savagery

Refers to early hunting- gathering groups.

Biological/Physical Anthropology

Human biology that includes the study of human fossils, osteology, and primate research.

Civilizations

Refers to the most advanced human societies.

Archeology Anthropology

Study ancient societies and cultures that existed in the past.

Old World

Area known before the discovery of the Americas, includes parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Eastern Hemisphere.

New World

Refers to North, Central, and South America.

Neolithic Revolution

The ________ allowed villages to grow their populations and learn new skills.

Hunter-Gatherer

Natives and early human societies

Paleoindians

First people to inhabit the Americas

Big-Game Hunters

Natives who hunted large animals including mammoths and bison

Linguistic Anthropology

Study and research of language as an insight into cultural institutions

Social/Cultural Anthropology

Study living cultures around the world

Types of Anthropology

Biological/Physical
Linguistic
Social/Cultural
Archeological

Archeology vs. New Archeology

New archaeology adds to the study of figuring out the why behind the physical and cultural changes

Neolithic Revolution Effects

Population growth

When does human pre-history begin?

It begins with the finding of stone tools

3 goals of anthropological archaeology

1. The study and ordering of cultural history

2. The reconstruction of past behaviors and lifeways

3. Investigating why and how human societies changed during pre-history

Preservation Concerns

Discouraged many archaeologists from studying material history