DNA, Protein, Transcription & Translation

Flashcards summarizing key concepts from DNA, protein synthesis, transcription, and translation.

DNA stands for __.

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

RNA stands for __.

Ribonucleic acid.

The structure of DNA is known as a __.

Double helix.

In RNA, thymine (T) is replaced by __.

Uracil (U).

The monomers of nucleic acids are called __.

Nucleotides.

The two categories of nucleic acids are and .

DNA and RNA.

Nucleotides link together by and to form nucleic acids.

Phosphate and ribose.

Complementary bases in DNA are held together by __ bonds.

Hydrogen.

The building blocks of proteins are __.

Amino acids.

A __ bond links amino acids together to form peptides.

Peptide.

There are __ common amino acids that make up proteins.

20.

The primary structure of a protein is its __ of amino acids.

Sequence.

Secondary structure includes shapes like and .

Alpha helix and beta-pleated sheet.

A protein with more than one polypeptide chain is in the __ structure stage.

Quaternary.

The process that synthesizes RNA from DNA is called __.

Transcription.

The machinery that decodes mRNA and synthesizes proteins is called __.

Ribosome.

Translation terminates at a __ codon.

Stop.

The genetic message carried by mRNA is read in groups of three called __.

Codons.

A sequence of DNA that codes for a molecule, such as a protein, is called a __.

Gene.

Proteins involved in movement include and .

Actin and myosin.

An enzyme that synthesizes RNA is __.

RNA polymerase.

Amino acid sequences can be abbreviated by letters or letters.

One-letter or three-letter.