TCW(W9)

(De)Secularization

The idea that modernization was expected to reduce religion, but religion continues to persist despite modernization

Secularization Theory

The belief that modernization inevitably leads to decline of religion in society

Persistence of Religion

The continued existence and growth of religion despite modernization and globalization

Global South Religion Growth

The observation that religious activity is increasing in many developing countries

Religion and Globalization

The idea that globalization can both challenge and strengthen religious beliefs and practices

Religion as Escape

The idea that religion provides comfort or escape from chaos caused by globalization

Religious Extremism

Intense or radical forms of religious belief that may lead to violence or conflict

ISIS Case

An example of religious extremism linked to global political and religious tensions

Sunni and Shia Islam

Two major branches of Islam that form part of the religious context of Middle Eastern conflicts

Colonial Interference

Western colonial influence that contributed to political divisions and religious conflict in some regions

Modern Nation-State Influence

The restructuring of societies under colonial rule that affected religious and political identities

Arab Oil and Western Interest

Western powers’ continued involvement in the Middle East due to oil resources

Neoliberalism in Religion

The influence of global economic and political systems on religious and international relations

Resistance Through Religion

The use of religion as a response against perceived Western control and globalization pressures

Cultural Identity and Religion

The role of religion in preserving identity in the face of globalization and external influence