Biology Lecture on Plant Kingdom

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and definitions based on the lecture notes about the Plant Kingdom, including classifications, types of reproduction, and specific groups of plants.

Phylogenetic Classification

A classification system based on evolutionary relationships among organisms, assuming a common ancestor for taxa.

Numerical Taxonomy

A method of classification using computers to analyze observable characteristics and assign numerical codes.

Algae

Chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic organisms, primarily aquatic, found in various habitats.

Vegetative Reproduction

A form of asexual reproduction where new plants develop from fragments of the parent organism.

Isogamous Reproduction

Type of sexual reproduction where gametes are similar in size and motility.

Anisogamous Reproduction

Type of sexual reproduction involving gametes that are dissimilar in size.

Oogamous Reproduction

Type of sexual reproduction involving a large, non-motile female gamete and a smaller, motile male gamete.

Chlorophyceae

Green algae typically characterized by chlorophyll a and b, often found in freshwater environments.

Phaeophyceae

Brown algae, primarily marine, characterized by chlorophyll a, c, and the pigment fucoxanthin.

Rhodophyceae

Red algae, predominately marine, known for red pigments like r-phycoerythrin and complex structures.

Bryophytes

Non-vascular plants including mosses and liverworts, which require water for sexual reproduction and show a gametophyte-dominant life cycle.

Antheridium

The male sex organ in bryophytes that produces biflagellate antherozoids (male gametes).

Archegonium

The female sex organ in bryophytes that produces a single egg.

Sporophyte

The diploid phase in plant life cycles that produces spores through meiosis.

Pteridophytes

Vascular plants including ferns and horsetails, with a sporophyte-dominant life cycle.

Homospory

When a plant produces spores of one kind only.

Heterospory

The production of two distinct types of spores, mega (female) and micro (male).

Gymnosperms

Seed-producing plants where seeds are exposed, including conifers.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within fruits, divided into dicotyledons and monocotyledons.