Eukaryotic Diseases

Malaria is a ________ disease.

protozoan

The causative microbes of malaria, Plasmodium, are what type of Protozoan?

Apicomplexans

What species is responsible for the Malaria disease?

Plasmodium

What are some symptoms of Malaria?

1) Recurrent fever 2) Cough 3) fatigue 4) aches

Can Malaria be fatal?

yes

Plasmodium (Malaria) Life Cycle: Found in the _____ glands of a female mosquito; when biting it is injected into the wound and the saliva contains an anticoagulant keeping blood flowing and nice and thin and an anesthetic so you do not feel it; it enters the _____ and enters the ____ FIRST and infects its hepatocytes and reproduces _______ (by mitosis) until the hepatocyte ruptures spilling immature form of the plasmodium into the blood that then infect ___ blood cells; inside red blood cells they reproduce _______ again forming a ____ _________; they then continue to infect red blood cells until hopefully _________ stops the infection.

salivary, blood, liver, asexually, ring, trophozoite, treatment

Plasmodium (Malaria) Life Cycle: In the Plasmodium life cycle of Malaria, if a host is bitten again by a female mosquito they take up that person’s blood and the protozoans end up back in the gut of the mosquito where _____ reproduction happens; the mosquito can then bite someone else and the cycle continues.

sexual

What are the two forms of Malaria prevention?

1) Long-term mosquito abatement 2) Human chemoprophylaxis

The Malaria prevention which is the administration of medications to prevent the development or spread of a specific disease is called what?

Human chemoprophylaxis

The Malaria prevention method that is a multi-tiered pest control program designed to suppress mosquito populations and minimize disease transmission permanently is called what?

Long-term mosquito abatement

Toxoplasmosis is caused by a _________.

Protozoan

What Protozoan species causes Toxoplasmosis?

Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is spread through _____ (i.e. cats) and is a __________ parasite.

felines, flagellated

Toxoplasmosis is usually ____________ meaning you likely won’t know you’re infected

asymptomatic

Toxoplasma gondii Life Cycle: The definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii is the ___ of the cat and they are shed in the ____; the feces gets eaten by a ______; It loses its instinctual fear of cats due to infection and is likely to be eaten by a cat returning it to its gut

gut, feces, rodent

Toxoplasma gondii Life Cycle: Occasionally, humans get infected with Toxoplasma gondii; can result in ________ changes (compulsive, obsessive, temper-related) associated with the illness

behavioral

The most significant problem with Toxoplasma gondii infection is NOT in ____ but in the ____; it can pass the ______ barrier and causes deficiencies in brain development that can be fatal or significantly damaging.

adult, fetus, placental

Amoebic Meningoencephalitis means inflammation of the _______ and the ____ itself.

meninges, brain

Amoebic Meningoencephalitis is caused by ______ Protozoan and in particular the ________ ______.

amoebas, Naegleria fowleri

Naegleria fowleri crawl into the _______ through the nose where they begin to feast on brain tissue and reproduce when inhaled in waters they reside.

cranium

Amoebic Meningoencephalitis is extremely ____ and those who are lucky enough to survive are left with extreme ____ damage.

fatal, brain

Amoebic Meningoencephalitis is INCREDIBLY ____ and most people are naturally ________.

rare, resistant

Cutaneous Mycoses is a _____ skin infection and is also known as _______.

fungal, ringworm

Cutaneous mycoses (Ringworm) species Dermatophytes use ________ to break down keratin proteins in the skin (source of nutrition/allows them to penetrate deeper into skin)

keratinase

Mycoses (fungal skin infections) all prefer ______ areas of the body.

different

Cutaneous Mycoses are caused by _____________ which are a specialized group of fungi that require keratin to grow

Dermatophytes

Dermatophytes are mostly ____ and produce spores in the skin making them highly contagious

molds

Vaginitis is ___________ of the vagina; it has one _____ cause and one ________ cause

inflammation, fungal, protozoan

The fungal cause of Vaginitis is a _______ ______ ________; produced by the species _________ ______.

Vaginal, yeast, infection, Candida albicans

Vaginal Yeast Infection (fungal Vaginitis) is easily treatable through ____ or _____ drugs.

oral, topical

Trichomoniasis (Protozoan caused) is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease caused by the species ___________ _______.

Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas vaginalis is treated with a drug called what?

Metronidazole

Many cases of Trichomoniasis are ____________ and men seldom have symptoms.

asymptomatic

Ascariasis is caused by a ________.

helminth

The species responsible for the disease Ascariasis is called what?

Ascaris Lumbricoides

Ascariasis typically spreads in the feces in areas with poor _________.

sanitation

Ascaris lumbricoides Life Cycle: This species makes their way into the ________ bursting through its wall into the blood in the ____ circulating all over the body making it to the ____ busting through their membrane; they then climb up through the bronchiole tree stimulating a _____ response where they are then swallowed back into the intestines where they complete their life cycle; eggs eventually shedded through ____ to infect someone else.

intestines, lymph, lungs, cough, feces

Ascariasis often results in intestinal ________ and ____________.

blockages, malnutrition