quiz 9 - chapter 19 micro

What is the defining characteristic of all Clostridium species regarding their oxygen requirements?

• Obligate anaerobic

Clostridioides difficile is a common Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI) that predominantly causes

• Pseudomembranous colitis and severe diarrhea

Which key virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis is responsible for resisting phagocytosis and is crucial for its pathogenicity?

• Capsule

The primary disease cause by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is

• Tuberculosis (TB)

The alpha-toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens is a powerful exotoxin primarily responsible for

• Lysis of red blood cells, tissue cells, and connective tissue destruction

Although Mycobacterium laprae is not highly contagious, its transmission typically occurs through

• Prolonged and close contact with an untreated infected person

The severe symptoms and systemic effects of diptheria are primarily caused by a potent exotoxin produced by Corynebacterium diptheriae that interferes with

• Protein synthesis in host cells

A hallmark symptom of diptheria, caused by Corynebacterium diptheriae, is the formation of a tough, grayish covering in the throat and pharynx called a

• Pseudomembrane

Corynebacterium diptheriae is known for its pleomorphic morphology, often appearing as palisades or V- and L- shapes. It also characteristically contains intracellular inclusions of phosphate, known as

• Metachromatic granules

The **Mantoux tuberculin skin test* is a common diagnostic tool for TB, involving the injection of PPD to detect a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, which indicates

• Prior exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or vaccination

For recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections, which treatment approach aims to restore healthy gut microbiota?

• Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)

The most effective method for preventing tetanus is

• Active immunization with the DTaP vaccine

Diptheria is a vaccine-preventable disease, typically included in which common childhood immunization combination?

• DTaP (Diptheria, Tetanus, and acellular Pertussis)

Which neurotoxim produced by Clostridium tetani causes continuous muscle spasms by blocking inhibitory neurotransmitters?

• Tetanospasmin

Mycobacterium leprae is the slow-growing acid-fast bacillus responsible for causing a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and testes, commonly referred to as

• Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy)

A key virulence mechanism of Listeria monocytogenes that allows it to evade the immune system and spread between host cells is its ability to

• Polymerize host cell actin, enabling direct cell-to-cell movement

Mycobacterium species are unique among Gram-positive bacilli due to the presence of a waxy substance in their cell walls that makes them resistant to many conventional stains. This substance is

• Mycolic acid

Botulism, caused by the neurotoxin of Clostridium botulinum, is clinically characterized by

• Flaccid paralysis, affecting muscle contraction

Gram-positive bacilli are broadly categorized into three general groups based on their presence or absence of endospores, oxygen requirements, and cell morphology. Which of the following is NOT one of the primary characteristics used to categorize these bacilli according to table 19.1?

• Motility

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathaie is a Gram-positive rod primarily associated with which infection in humans, often acquired through contact with infected animals (e.e., swine, fish)?

• Erysipeloid

Clostridium perfringens is the primary cause of which rapidly progressing and severe infection, characterized by extensive tissue destruction and gas production?

• Gas gangrene (myonecrosis)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is predominantly transmitted through which method?

• Airborne droplets from respiratory secretions

Infant botulism occurs when infants ingest Clostridium botulinum spores, which then germinate in the intestinal tract. These spores are commonly found in

• Honey

Listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, posed the greatest risk of severe, invasive infection (e.g., meningitis, septicemi to which population group)?

• Pregnant women, neonates, and immunocompromised individuals

Bacillus cereus, a common contaminant of soil, is primarily associated with which type of human infection?

• Food poisoning

Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax. The most dangerous form of anthrax in humans, pulmonary anthrax, is primarily acquired through which route?

• Inhalation of endospores

Listeria monocytogenes is unique among many foodborne pathogens due to its ability to grow and multiple at

• Refrigeration temperatures (psychrotophi)

The global emergence of MDR-TB (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis) and **XDR-TB* (extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis) is primarily attributed to

• Incomplete or improper adherence to prescribed drug regimens

Tetanus, caused by Clostridium tetani, is clinically characterized by what primary symptom?

• Spastic paralysis, particularly “lockjaw” (trismus)

In primary tuberculosis, the body’s immune response often walls off the bacilli in lung lesions, forming structures known as

• Tubercles (granulomas)