US History Unit 9 Quiz Review

Truman Doctrine

a foreign policy pledge, announced by President Harry S. Truman, to provide economic and military aid to nations resisting communist expansion, specifically Greece and Turkey.

Containment

the idea that Communism must be stopped from spreading.

Domino Theory

The fear that if one country (like Vietnam) fell to Communism, the neighbors would fall too

What were examples of anti-communism?

truman doctrine, containment, domino theory

McCarthyism / Second Red Scare

Led by Senator Joseph McCarthy; a "witch hunt" for communists inside the US government that fueled public paranoia.

How was the U.S’ economy post-war?

Massive growth. Increased availability of tech (TVs, appliances) led to Consumerism

Conusmerism

people buying things to prove the American way of life was superior

The Arms Race

A massive buildup of nuclear weapons. Both sides used "Deterrence" (having so many nukes that the other side is too scared to fire).

The Space Race

Started when the USSR launched Sputnik (the first satellite). The US freaked out, created NASA, and eventually won by landing Apollo 11 on the moon.

What became a symbol of divided Germany

The Berlin Wall

What was the Berlin Wall?

Split into West (Democratic) and East (Communist). Built by the Soviets to stop East Germans from escaping to the democratic West.

Cuban Missile Crisis

The closest the world ever came to nuclear war. JFK successfully negotiated the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba.

Korean War(1950-1953)

Ended in a stalemate at the 38th Parallel. It proved the US was willing to fight to contain Communism.

Vietnam War: * Gulf of Tonkin Resolution:

After an attack on US ships, LBJ got "blank check" power from Congress to send unlimited troops to Vietnam.

Johnson’s Great Society

LBJ’s domestic plan to end poverty and racial injustice (Medicare, Medicaid, etc.), though it was eventually drained of funding by the cost of the Vietnam War.

NASA

Created to catch up to the Soviets in space.

DARPA

Created to develop military technology (it eventually led to the internet).

Harry S. Truman

Started Containment, the Truman Doctrine, and the Marshall Plan.

Dwight Eisenhower

Proposed the Eisenhower Doctrine and championed the Domino Theory.

John F. Kennedy

Handled the Berlin Wall crisis and the Cuban Missile Crisis; set the goal for the moon landing.

Lyndon B. Johnson

Escalated Vietnam via the Gulf of Tonkin; created the Great Society (war on poverty).

Eisenhower Doctrine

Specifically promised help to Middle Eastern countries threatened by Communism.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Congress gave LBJ total military control without a declaration of war.

Kent State Massacre

National Guard fired on student protestors, highlighting the deep divide in the US.

Pentagon Papers

Leaked documents showing the government had been lying about Vietnam; created the Credibility Gap

Hawks vs. Doves

"Hawks" wanted to increase military force in Vietnam; "Doves" wanted peace and withdrawal.

War Powers Act (1973)

A law passed to limit the President's power to send troops into combat without Congress.

Credibility Gap

The growing public distrust of the government’s claims about the Vietnam War.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) (1949)

A military alliance of Western nations for mutual defense against the Soviets