Microbiology: Pathogens

Yersinia pestis

(G- Rod Proteo Enteric)

Bubonic and pneumonic plague

Swollen lymph nodes and skin damage

Infection sites- lymph nodes, skin, blood, lungs

Reservoirs- Rodents, fleas, humans

Transmission- fleas, airborne droplets.

Escherichia coli

(G- Rod Proteo Enteric)

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

Dysentery, colitis, kidney failure

Infection sites- colon

Reservoirs- Human, cattle, chkn

Transmission- fecal-oral, contam food, water

Salmonella enterica

Live in Macrophages

(G- Rod Proteo Enteric)

Salmonellosis

Gastroenteritis, fever, endotoxic shock, rose spots

Infection sites- GI tract, blood, skin

Reservoirs- Poultry, rodents, birds, human

Transmission- Fecal-oral, Contam food, water

Salmonella typhi

(G- Rod Proteo, Enteric)

Typhoid fever,

Gastroenteritis, fever, endotoxic shock, rose spots

Infection sites- GI tract, blood, skin

Reservoirs- human

Transmission- Fecal-oral, particularly raw shellfish

Shigella sonnei

(G- Rod Proteo Enteric)

Shigellosis

Mild dysentery

Infection sites- int

Reservoirs- Human, ape, monkey

Transmission- Fecal oral, direct

Shigella dysenteriae

Shigella toxins

(G- Rod Proteo Enteric)

Severe dysentery, prostration

Infection sites- int

Reservoirs- Human, ape, monkey

Transmission- Fecal oral, direct

Helicobacter pylori

(G- Spiral Proteo Not enteric)

Gastritis, peptic ulcers

Ulcers, gastric cancer

Infection sites- Digestive sys (not int)

Reservoirs- Human

Transmission- FO

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Aerobic, Pili

(G- Diplococci Proteo)

Gonorrhea, (PID), septicemia, arthritis, endocarditis, meningitis, Neonatal conjunctivitis

Burning pee, pus discharge, inflammation of cervix/urethra, infertility

Infection sites- Genital tract, butt, pharynx, blood, heart, meninges, Eyes (baby)

Reservoirs- Human

Transmission- sex, birth

Neisseria meningitidis

Aerobic

(G- Diplococci Proteo)

Meningitis

fever, headache, stiff neck, convulsions, coma

Infection sites- Upper resp tract, meninges

Reservoirs- Human

Transmission- Droplet, sex

Bordetella pertussis

(G- Coccobacillus Proteo)

Pertussis (whooping cough)

Mucous, coughing episodes

Infection sites- Trachea (epi cells)

Reservoirs- Human

Transmission- Droplets

Haemophilus influenzae

(G- Pleomorphic Proteo)

Epiglottitis, cellulitis, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis

Inflammation, fever

Infection sites- Nasopharynx, skin, ears, lungs, meninges, heart

Reservoirs- Human

Transmission- Droplets, direct

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Opportunistic, Blue-green pus

(G- Bacillus Proteo)

UTI, Septicemia, Meningitis, Dermatitis, Otitis externa

Rash, fever, urine pain

Infection sites- Skin, ear, urinary tract

Reservoirs- Soil (pesticides), human, water

Transmission- Water, direct, indirect (medical equipment)

Rickettsia rickettsii

intracellular parasite

(G- Rod/Coccobacillus Proteo)

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (tickborne typhus)

Spotted rash and fever

Infection sites- Endothelial cells of vascular system

Reservoirs- Tick, human

Transmission- Tick bites

Rickettsia prowazekii

intracellular parasite

(G- Rod/Coccobacillus Proteo)

Epidemic typhus

Spotted rash and prolonged fever

Infection sites- Endothelial cells of vascular system

Reservoirs- Lice, human

Transmission- Lice

Rickettsia typhi

intracellular parasite

(G- Rod/Coccobacillus Proteo)

Murine typhus

Spotted rash, fever

Infection sites- Endothelial cells of vascular system

Reservoirs- Rodents, flea, human

Transmission- flea

Chlamydia trachomatis

Obligate intracellular parasites, Biphasic cycle

(G- Coccus Non-proteo)

Chlamydia, trachoma, urethritis, conjunctivitis, PID

Blind, swelling of eye, pus, painful sex, Pneumonia newborns

Infection sites- Genitourinary tract mucous memes (epi cells) Eyes

Reservoirs- Human, flies

Transmission- Sex, birth, Vector, droplets

Borrelia burgdorferi

(G- Spirochete Non-proteo)

Lyme Disease

Skin rash, rheumatoid arthritis, flu-like

Infection sites- skin

Reservoirs- Tick, mice, human

Transmission- tick bite

Treponema pallidum

(G- Spirochete Non-proteo)

Syphilis

Sores, skin and organ lesions, fever

Infection sites- Skin, mouth, cervix, blood

Reservoirs- human

Transmission- sex, birth

Prevotella intermedia

Bacteroidetes, Anaerobic

(G- Rod non-proteo)

Vincent’s disease/trench mouth (acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis)

Pain, halitosis

Infection sites- mouth

Reservoirs- human

Transmission- Normal flora overgrowth

Bacillus anthracis

facultative anaerobe

(G+ Rod Endospore Low G+C)

Anthrax (cutaneous, pulmonary, GI)

Papules, ulcerated areas, black scab, septic shock

Infection sites- skin, resp tract, GI tract, blood

Reservoirs- Soil, sheep, cattle, horses, human

Transmission- Food, enter wound, inhale

Clostridium tetani

Strict anaerobe, Toxins (tetanospasmin)

(G+ Rod Endospore Low G+C)

Tetanus, lock jaw

Spastic paralysis, drooling, sweating, spasms, cardiac arrhythmias

Infection sites- muscles

Reservoirs- Soil, animals and humans (GI)

Transmission- enter wound

Clostridium perfringens

Strict anaerobe, Toxins (lecithinase kills blood cells)

(G+ Rod Endospore Low G+C)

Gas gangrene and gastroenteritis

Bleeding, tissue destruction, liver toxicity, myocardial dysfunction, diarrhea, abd pain

Infection sites- Int, Neuromuscular junctions

Reservoirs- Food, humans

Transmission- food

Clostridium botulinum

Strict anaerobe, Toxins block ACh

(G+ Rod Endospore Low G+C)

Botulism and floppy baby syndrome

Flaccid paralysis, visual probs, can’t swallow, speech difficulty, resp paralysis, cardiac arrest

Infection sites- Int, nervous sys

Reservoirs- Humans, food, soil, feces

Transmission- Food with toxin, Honey (baby)

Staphylococcus aureus

Fac anae, Enzymes and Toxins

(G+ Coccus Non-endospore Low G+C)

Folliculitis, food poisoning, impetigo, TSS, Acute bacterial endocarditis

Necrosis, abscesses, redness, fever, rash, shock, pus

Infection sites- Skin, nose, vagina, blood, lymph, organs

Reservoirs- Humans, food

Transmission- Direct, fomite, droplets, contam food

Streptococcus pyogenes

β-hemolysis, Enzymes and Toxins

(G+ Coccus Non-endospore Low G+C)

Strep throat, scarlet fever, necrotizing fasciitis.

Inflammation, fever, swollen lymph nodes, rash, dead tissue

Infection sites- Nose, throat, skin, heart, kidneys

Reservoirs- Humans

Transmission- direct

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Opportunistic

(G+ Coccus Non-endospore Low G+C)

Pneumococcal pneumonia, otitis media

Chill, fever, chest pain, ear pus

Infection sites- Lower resp tract, ear

Reservoirs- Humans

Transmission- droplets

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

(G+ Rod Non-endospore High G+C)

Diphtheria

Gray mem in throat, sore/swollen throat, fever, malaise, blocked airways, skin papule

Infection sites- Upper resp tract, skin wounds

Reservoirs- Humans

Transmission- droplets

Mycobacterium leprae

Acid-fast

(G+ Rod High G+C)

Leprosy

Nerve cell damage, lost skin sensation, disfiguring nodules,

“lion face”, necrosis

Infection sites- PNS, skin, nose mucous mem

Reservoirs- Mice, armadillos, human

Transmission- Direct, droplet, wound and nose secretions

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Acid-fast

(G+ Rod High G+C)

Tuberculosis

Fibrosis, lung lesions, cough, fever, sweats

Infection sites- Lungs, Macrophages, lymph nodes, blood

Reservoirs- human

Transmission- Droplet, direct

Giardia duodenalis

(cyst and trophozoite)

Protozoa, Flagella, Sucking disc

Giardiasis

Diarrhea, greasy poo, dehydration, abd pain, weight loss

Infection sites- duodenum

Reservoirs- Human, soil, water

Transmission- Fecal-oral (cyst infectious, tropho int)

Trichomonas vaginalis

(trophozoite)

Protozoa, Flagella

Trichomoniasis

Foul, green/yellow discharge, itching

Infection sites- Genitourinary tract

Reservoirs- Human

Transmission- sex, birth

Trypanosoma cruzi

Protozoa, Flagella

Chagas dis

Fever, swollen glands, damage to heart muscle, peristaltic movement of GI tract

Infection sites- Cardiovascular sys

Reservoirs- (Def) Rodents, possum, human; (Inter) kissing bug

Transmission- kissing bug

Entamoeba histolytica

(cyst, trophozoite)

Protozoa, Pseudopods, Amoebae

Amebiasis

Ulcers, bloody diarrhea, vomit, hepatitis, abd pain

Infection sites- colon

Reservoirs- Human, food, water

Transmission- FO (cyst infectious)

Balantidium coli

(cyst, vegetative trophozoite)

Protozoa, Cilia

Balantidiasis

Dysentery, ulcers, nausea, vomit

Infection sites- colon

Reservoirs- Human and pig (def), water, food

Transmission- FO (cyst infectious)

Naegleria fowleri

(cyst, ameba, trophozoite)

Protozoa, Flagella

Meningoencephalitis (brain eating)

Brain inflammation, death (feeds on brain tissue)

Infection sites- brain

Reservoirs- water, human

Transmission- Vehicle (water), (tropho infectious)

Plasmodium falciparum/vivax

(Obligate intracellular parasite)

Protozoa, Complex cycle

Malaria

Chills, fever, vomit, headache, blocked capillaries

Infection sites- RBCs

Reservoirs- Mosquito (def), human (inter)

Transmission- Mosquito, bird, blood transfusions

Toxoplasma gondii

Protozoa, Complex

Toxoplasmosis

Fever, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, still birth, brain dam

Infection sites- GI tract, blood

Reservoirs- Cat (def), human, livestock, mice (inter)

Transmission- Fecal oral, undercooked meat, congenital

Paragonimus sp.

Platyhelminth Trematode (2 suckers)

Paragonimiasis (Lung fluke)

chronic cough, chest pain, and bloody phlegm

Infection sites- Lungs

Reservoirs- Human (def), crustaceans and snails (inter), water

Transmission- Food (crustaceans)

Schistosoma mansoni

Platyhelminth Trematode (Blood fluke complex)

Schistosomiasis

Bloody diarrhea, abd pain, lethargy

Infection sites- colon

Reservoirs- Human (def), freshwater snails (inter), water

Transmission- Waterborne (cercariae penetrate skin)

Echinococcus granulosus

Platyhelminth Cestode

Hydatid disease

abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, chronic cough, and weight loss, anaphylactic shock

Infection sites- Int, Liver, lungs

Reservoirs- Dogs and coyotes (def), Deer (inter), Humans (accidental)

Transmission- Fecal oral, food

Taenia saginata

Platyhelminth, Cestode

Beef tapeworm

Abd discomfort

Infection sites- small int

Reservoirs- Humans (def), Cattle (inter)

Transmission- FO

Taenia solium

(Scolex and proglottids, Cysticercus)

Platyhelminth, Cestode (Pork tapeworm)

1. Taeniasis- Nausea, diarrhea, abd pain

2. Cysticercosis- Imp vision, seizures

Infection sites- int

Reservoirs- Human (def), Pig (inter)

Transmission- FO

Ancylostoma duodenale

Nematode

Hookworm

Anemia, pica (crave weird things)

Infection sites- Int (feeds on tissue and blood)

Reservoirs- Human (def), soil

Transmission- Feces → touch soil

Ascaris lumbricoides

Nematode, Roundworm

Ascariasis

Pneumonia, int blockage, malnutrition

Infection sites- small int

Reservoirs- Human

Transmission- Eggs in feces, larvae in int, blood, lungs, throat, adult in small int

Enterobius vermicularis

A Nematode known as pinworm, characterized by an "itchy booty" (perianal itching); transmitted via the fecal-oral route.

Trichinella spiralis

A Nematode causing trichinellosis; larvae encyst in striated muscle after ingestion of raw meat containing the parasite.