Human anatomy and physiology II lab final-Dr. Heda

order which sound waves travels

external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, basilar membrane, tectorial membrane, vestibulocochlear nerve, central nervous system

bilobed and vascular gland located just below the Adams apple

thyroid

gland found in the upper thorax overlying the heart; large at young age

thymus

set of plates that is used to check the color blindness is named after

Ishihara

blue green shining structure found in a cow's eye is called

tapetum

purpose of tapetum

night vision

which of the following is an auditory receptor?

(basilar membrane, hair cells, steriocilia, supporting cells, tectorial membrane)

hair cells

middle ear is filled with

air

basilar membrane and tectorial membrane in the figure is above is indicated by

32, 28

receptor cells found on retina

rods and cones

calcium carbonate granules overriding hair cells

otoliths

a watery fluid

perilymph

a transparent mucous membrane lining interior of eyelids

conjuctiva

the vitreous body

helps to stabilize the eye shape

pupil,

control the amount of light reaching the retina

structure that initiates the bending of light and start producing the image

cornea

blurred vision due to uneven lens/cornea curvature is called

astigmatism

glycogen is polysaccharide. It is broken down into simple sugars like glucose with the help of a hormone called

glucagon

hormones secreted by posterior pituitary gland is/are

antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

day-night cycles are maintained by hormone melatonin that is secreted by

(pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, none of these)

none of these

prepares uterus for pregnancy

progestin

decreases blood sugar levels

insulin

maintains the water balance

antidiuretic hormone

responsible for milk production

prolactin

heart circulatory system order

vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left atrium, aortic valve, aorta

air travels from nose to alveoli

nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

blood started flowing via foramen oval starting _____ of embryonic development

5th

plasma make ______% of blood

55

which of the following is/are granulocyte type of white blood cells?

monocytes

if the mitral valve does not close properly which circulation is affected

systemic

gas exchange take place in (veins, venues, arteries, arterioles, none of these)

none of these

average male hematocrit is about _________%

45

adult female lung capacity is about _____ liters of air

4.2

immature red cells with lower than normal levels of hemoglobin are called

reticulocytes

platelets are derive from

megakaryocytic

right lung is _______ with _____ lobes

Wider, 3

number of tertiary bronchi in each lung

9 to 10

the walls of the alveoli are lined by

simple squamous epithelium

pressure inside of lungs is less than pressure outside of lungs during

inhalation

tidal lunch volume is _________ mL of which _________ mL is actually used in respiration

500 mL, 350 mL

in the respiratory system lab you have prepared a lung model. In this model water bottle served as _________, whereas the piece of plastic used served as ________

thoracic cage, diaphragm

in the lung model prepared in lab, pulling down the plastic using loop represented

inhalation

during exhalation diaphragm becomes dome shaped

true

thoracic. age is made up of _________ bones

25

bicuspid valve

left AV valve

tricuspid valve

right AV valve

antibodies

agglutinins

antigens

agglutinogens

pharynx

upper respiratory system

larynx

lower respiratory system

blood from kidney to renal artery to renal vein

renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar arteries, arcutate arteries, cortical radiate arteries, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, venules, cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein

number of deciduous and adult teeth respectively

20,32

diameter of efferent arterioles is larger than afferent arterioles

false

collectively teeth that erupt first and last respectively are

incisors and molars

Peyer's patches are found in

submucosa

produces amylase

salivary glands

carries urine to body exterior

urethra

Produces HCl and pepsinogen

gastric glands

carries urine to bladder for storage

ureter

Considering the spatial relationship of the kidneys, the ________ kidney often sits slightly ________ than the ________ kidney.

right, lower, left

renal artery divides into about 5 __________ arteries

segmental

pocket like structures of large intestine

haustra

which of the following components are missing in healthy urine (creatinine, urea, uric acid, sugars, none of these)

none of these

Valve preventing movement of chyme from the duodenum into the stomach

pyloric sphincter

calyces carries urine to

pelvis

entry port for vessels

hilum

amino acid breakdown product

urea

carries blood with impurities

renal artery

carry clean blood

renal veins

RNA breakdown product

uric acid

an opening

hiatus

three columns of erectile tissue

2 corpora cavernosa

1 corpus spongiosum

how much lower is the temperature in scrotum

1.1 C

Tip of shaft covered by prepuse or foreskin

glans of penis

Supercoiled tubular structure where spermatozoa are temporarily stored. Defective spermatozoa are recycled.

epididymis

Spermatozoa travels through this tubular structure and carry sperms to urethra

ductus deferens

longer than female urethra with average length of about 18-20 cm (7-8 inches) long. Divided into 3 parts, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy urethra.

male urethra

Contributes ~60% volume of semen. Consists of fructose and prostaglandin.

seminal glands

: Contributes ~30% of semen's volume. Consists of protein with antibiotic properties called, seminaplasmin.

prostate gland

: Secretes alkaline mucus and lubricates the glans of penis.

bulbourethral glands

Parasympathetic innervation of penile arteries involves neurons that release nitric oxide (NO) at their axon terminal. In response to NO, the smooth muscle in the arterial wall relaxes, vessels dilate, resulting in blood flow causing erection.

penile erection

Consists of spermatozoa (~20-100 million/mL) plus glandular secretions.

semen

single ejaculate volume

2-5 mL

is the only mobile cell in human body beside oocytes. Mature spermatozoon lacks: ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and other intracellular structures.

spermatozoa

Contain nucleus and chromosomes. activating and genetic region

head

at the tip of head is a membranous compartment that contains enzymes essential for fertilization.

acrosomal cap

(metabolic region): Contains mitochondria providing ATP to move tail.

middle piece

(locomotive region): only flagellum in the human body. Moves cell from one place to another through a complex, corkscrew motion.

tail

external female genitalia

vulva

: A hood like structural extension of the labia minora that covers the glans of clitoris. Identical to prepuce of penile glans (or foreskin) in male penis.

prepuce of clitoris

A small erectile body that contains many sensory nerve endings for sexual pleasure. This structure is homologous to male penis

glans of clitoris

Smaller than male with average length of about 5 cm. Located between clitoris and vaginal opening

female urethra

Opening from the urethra located between the clitoris and the vaginal opening.

urethral orifice

(small lips): Hairless folds located inside the large labia majora. Darker in color due to large number of melanocytes.

labia minora

(larger lips): Thick folds of fatty skin that is homologous to male scrotum. Outer margins are covered by coarse hairs in adult females.

labia majora

: Large mound of skin and fatty tissue located anterior to the pubic symphasis, also covered with pubic hairs in adult females.

mons pubis

: During sexual arousal its discharge into the vestibule keep vaginal entrance lubricated. Functionally it is identical to the male bulbo-urethral glands.

greater vestibular gland

The hollow muscular tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus, the site of fertilization.

uterine tube

Finger like extension of the uterine tube near the ovary.

fimbriae of uterine tube

Female gonad, yellowish-white flat structure located near lateral wall of pelvic cavity that produces ovum (or egg), hormones (estrogen, progesterone, inhibin).

ovary