required SCOTUS cases

Marbury v Madison

Marbury sued the administration for not receiving a commission after being appointed a justice, established judicial review and reinforced the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.

McCulloch v Maryland

Established a second federal bank under the necessary and proper clause, Maryland attempted to tax it but couldn’t due to the supremacy clause

US v Lopez

Lopez brings firearm to school, SCOTUS uses the commerce clause to charge him on a federal level, courts ruled in favor of Lopez, limiting federal power.

Engel v Vitale

Supreme Court case that ruled it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools, violating the Establishment Clause.

Wisconsin v Yoder

Supreme Court case that held that Amish children could not be compelled to attend school past the eighth grade, citing the free exercise clause of the First Amendment.

Tinker v Des Moines

Supreme Court case that affirmed students' rights to 1st amendment symbolic speech in public schools, ruling that students do not lose their constitutional rights at schoolhouse gates.

New York Times v US

Supreme Court case that upheld the freedom of the press by allowing The New York Times to publish the Pentagon Papers without fear of prior restraint from the government.

Schenk v US

Supreme Court case that upheld the conviction of Charles Schenk for distributing anti-draft leaflets during World War I, establishing the "clear and present danger" test for limits on free speech.

Gideon v Wainwright

Supreme Court case that guaranteed the right to counsel for defendants in criminal cases who cannot afford an attorney, ensuring fair trial rights under the 6th Amendment. **selective incorporation

McDonald v Chicago

Supreme Court case that incorporated the Second Amendment right to bear arms to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment, affirming individual gun ownership rights. **14th amendment due process clause

Brown v Board of Education

Landmark Supreme Court case that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, ruling that "separate but equal" educational facilities are inherently unequal. 14th amendment equal protection clause

Baker v Carr

Landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of "one person, one vote" in apportionment of electoral districts, ensuring equal representation under the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause.

Shaw v Reno

Supreme Court case that ruled racial gerrymandering unconstitutional, ensuring that redistricting does not dilute minority voting strength. 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause

Citizens United v FEC

Supreme Court case that ruled restrictions on political campaign spending by corporations and unions violate the First Amendment's free speech protections.