Plant Anatomy Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover the various plant tissues, their structures, functions, and types of growth as discussed in the plant anatomy lecture.

Dermal tissue

A protective layer of cells that covers the plant body.

Ground tissue

Plant tissue that provides support and storage; consists of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.

Vascular tissue

Plant tissue responsible for the transport of water and nutrients; includes xylem and phloem.

Meristematic tissue

Undifferentiated tissue from which new cells arise; responsible for plant growth.

Apical meristem

Meristem located at the tips of roots and shoots; responsible for primary growth.

Axillary buds

Buds located in the axil of leaves that can develop into branches.

Phloem

Vascular tissue responsible for the transport of sugars and nutrients.

Xylem

Vascular tissue responsible for the transport of water and minerals.

Sclerenchyma

Type of ground tissue consisting of thick-walled, supportive cells.

Cuticle

A waxy layer on the surface of leaves that minimizes water loss.

Stomata

Small openings in leaf epidermis that allow for gas exchange.

Nodes

Points on a stem where leaves or branches arise.

Internodes

Sections of a stem between two nodes.

Primary growth

Growth that results in an increase in length of the plant.

Secondary growth

Growth that results in an increase in thickness of stems and roots.

Endodermis

Innermost layer of the cortex in roots that regulates movement of water and minerals.

Pericycle

Layer of cells between the endodermis and the vascular tissue in roots.

Mesophyll

Tissue in leaves where most photosynthesis occurs; includes palisade and spongy layers.

Rhizome

A horizontal underground stem that can produce new shoots.

Tuber

A swollen part of a rhizome that stores nutrients.

Bulb

A short stem with fleshy leaves that store food for the plant.