Fetal Lung Development and Maternal-Fetal Considerations

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to fetal lung development and maternal-fetal health as outlined in the lecture notes.

Alveoli

Small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Pulmonary Hypoplasia

Incomplete development of the lungs, potentially leading to respiratory issues.

Foramen Ovale

A hole in the septum between the right and left atria in the fetal heart that allows blood to bypass the lungs.

Surfactant

A substance produced by Type II pneumocytes that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse.

Pseudoglandular Phase

Phase of lung development from day 52 to 16 weeks characterized by extensive subdivision of conducting airways.

Canalicular Phase

Phase from 17 to 26 weeks in fetal lung development, marked by growth of the vascular bed and the beginnings of gas exchange ability.

Ductus Arteriosus

Blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the fetal lungs.

Embryonal Phase

Phase of lung development from day 26 to 52 where the lung begins to form from the pharynx.

Amniotic Fluid

Fluid surrounding the fetus that allows for lung development and prevents alveolar collapse.

Oligohydramnios

A condition characterized by a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid that can lead to complications in fetal development.

Chorionic Villi

Finger-like projections from the placenta that facilitate nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fetus.

L/S Ratio

Lecithin/Sphingomyelin ratio; used to assess fetal lung maturity based on the presence of surfactant.

Microvascular Maturation

The process of blood vessel development in the lungs, crucial for effective gas exchange.

Fetal Breathing Movement

Movement of the fetus that simulates breathing in utero, crucial for lung development.

Placenta

Organ that facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fetus during pregnancy.

Gestational Diabetes

Abnormal glucose tolerance that occurs during pregnancy, potentially leading to fetal complications.