C/P mcat

How are priorities assigned in CIP?

Higher atomic number = higher priority

If lowest priority group points away and sequence is clockwise, what is the configuration?

R

If lowest priority group points away and sequence is counterclockwise?

S

What does chromatography separate based on?

polarity, size, affinity

In TLC, what does a higher Rf​ value suggest?

low polarity, travels far

Stationary phase in TLC is usually?

polar silica

Which compounds travel farther on polar TLC plates?

low polar compounds

IR peak around 1700 cm⁻¹ indicates?

C = O carbonyl

Broad IR peak around 3200–3600 cm⁻¹ indicates?

O-H alcohol

IR sharp peak near 3300 cm⁻¹ may indicate?

N-H or terminal alkyne

What does ¹H NMR tell you?

Number of unique proton environments

SN1 mechanism characteristics?

2 steps, carbocation intermediate, racemization, weak nucleophile okay

SN2 mechanism characteristics?

1 step, backside attack, inversion, strong nucleophile

Which is favored by tertiary carbons?

SN1

Which is favored by primary carbons?

SN2

Nucleophilic addition-elimination usually occurs on what?

Carboxylic acid derivatives

Acidic amino acids?

Aspartate (Asp), Glutamate (Glu)

Basic amino acids?

Lysine (K), Arginine (R), Histidine (H)

Aromatic amino acids?

Tryptophan (W), Tyrosine (Y), Phenylalanine (F)

Ideal gas law

PV = nRT if pressure increases, volume decreases, temp increases

Volume of 1 mole gas at STP

22.4 L

constant of water

[H+][OH−]=10−14

pH formula

pH=−log[H+]

Relationship between Ka and pKa

pKa​=−logKa​

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

pH=pKa​+log([HA]/[A−]​)

If ΔG < 0, reaction is?

spontaneous

oxidation is

loss of electrons (0 to 1)

reduction is

gain of electrons (1 to 0)

Strong acids

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4

strong bases

NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2

Most electronegative element

Fluorine

units for joules

N * m

units for newtons

kg * m / s2

units for watts

J/s

units for volts

J/C

units for amperes

C/s

formula for work

Fdcos

potential energy formula

PE= mgh

smaller vessel → faster flow → lower pressure

power formula

P = I * V

Series circuits

on the same line

parallel circuit

como en bucle

sound velocity formula

v = f * lambda

When is an image real?

usually inverted

When is an image virtual?

usually upright

If object distance > focal length for a converging lens, image is?

real and inverted

If object distance < focal length for a converging lens, image is?

virtual + upright + magnified

Myopia (nearsightedness) needs what lens?

diverging (concave) lens

alpha decay

mass number decreases 4 units and atomic number 2 units

beta minus decay

atomic number increases one unit

gamma decay

no change

How do I know how many half-lives passed?

Keep dividing by 2 until you reach final amount

If 80 g becomes 10 g, how many half-lives passed?

3

How do I calculate total decay time?

number of half-lives × one half-life duration

cathode is the site of

reductio

How can you identify an endergonic reaction on the MCAT?

delta G > 0

if object/image is behind mirror, is it virtual or real?

virtual