Cytoskeleton and Cell Structure

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on cytoskeleton, cell structure, functions of organelles, and cell communication.

Microtubules are the biggest of the cytoskeletal fibers, and they are constructed of __.

dimers.

Intermediate filaments can have many different proteins such as __.

keratin.

Motor proteins use energy in the form of __ to power movement along cytoskeletal elements.

ATP.

Microtubules provide structure but also play a role in the __ of organelles.

movement.

The __ is like a microtubule organizing center.

centrosome.

Microtubules dynamically grow and __ as needed by the cell.

shrink.

Keratin is associated with __ found in skin, hair, and nails.

intermediate filaments.

In eukaryotic cells, __ are long and few, while cilia are short and many.

flagella.

The __ is a network of collagen and other proteins outside the cell providing structural support.

extracellular matrix.

Cilia and flagella move via the action of __ proteins.

motor.

The inside of mitochondria contains the __ matrix, which houses its DNA and ribosomes.

mitochondrial.

Chloroplasts are the sites of __, converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

photosynthesis.

Proteins embedded in the membrane can act as __, aiding in cell communication.

receptors.

Integrins are proteins that connect the __ of the cell to the extracellular matrix.

plasma membrane.

In the process of cellular respiration, mitochondria generate __ as a form of energy.

ATP.

The theory that explains how mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from engulfed prokaryotic cells is called the __ theory.

endosymbiont.

Glycoproteins are proteins with __ attached, playing various roles including structural support.

carbohydrates.

Microtubules are polymerized from protein subunits called __.

tubulins.

The dynamic behavior of microtubules allows them to function like __, constructed and deconstructed as needed.

railroad tracks.

During the cell cycle, microtubules help to align __ for division.

chromosomes.

Actin monomers come together to form __ when polymerized.

microfilaments.

junctions are crucial for cells to adhere to one another in tissues.

Cell.

Cytoskeletal elements provide __ as well as shape to the cell.

internal support.

The major function of actin filaments is to provide __ within the cell.

motility.

Microtubules grow from the __ at one end.

centrosome.

The __ is known as the powerhouse of the cell.

mitochondria.

Cells communicate via direct physical contact using specialized __.

junctions.

Eukaryotic cells possess membrane-bound organelles, while __ do not.

prokaryotes.

Collagen in the extracellular matrix allows for cell __ to each other.

adherence.

To visualize microtubules, scientists often use techniques such as __ microscopy.

fluorescence.

Motor proteins such as dynein and kinesin move __ along cytoskeletal tracks.

cargo.

The structure called __ aids in the propulsion of sperm cells.

flagella.

The __ provides flexibility and structure to the plasma membrane.

phospholipid bilayer.