oral anatomy unit 13 neurocranium

UNIT 13 NEUROCRANIUM

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neurocranium individual bones

28 individual bones

Neurocranium single bones

6

Neurocranium paired bones

11

What are Wormian or structural bones

irregular shaped small bones found along natural sutures

Function of neurocranium

Protect the brain and 5 special sense organs

5 organs of special sense

Olfaction

Vision

Taste

Vestibular function

Auditory function

What are the divisions of the skull and what they include

• Regional including mandible and cranium

• developmental including viscerocranium and neurocranium

What is the cranium region broken down into

• cranial vault / calvaria

• Cranial base

• Cranial cavity

• Facial skeleton

What is the cranial cavity divided into

• anterior cranial fossa = frontal lobe

• Middle cranial fossa = temporal lobe

• Posterior cranial fossa = cerebellum

Frontal bone is it single or paired

Single

Parietal bone is it single or paired

Paired

Temporal bone is it single or paired

Paired

Occipital bone is it single or paired

Single

Sphenoid bone is it single or paired

Single

Zygomatic bone is it single or paired

Paired

Maxilla bone is it single or paired

Paired

Ethmoid bone is it single or paired

Single

Palatine bone is it single or paired

Paired

Vomer bone is it single or paired

Single

Nasal bone is it single or paired

Paired

Lacrimal bone is it single or paired

Paired

Inferior nasal concha bone is it single or paired

Paired

Mandible bone is it single or paired

Single

what is cranial nerve 1

Olfactory

what is cranial nerve 2

Optic

what is cranial nerve 3

Oculomotor - eye movement

what is cranial nerve 4

Trochlear - eye movement

what is cranial nerve 5

Trigeminal - mastication and facial sensation

what is cranial nerve 6

Abducens - eye movement

what is cranial nerve 7

Facial - facial muscles, tearing, salivation, anterior 2/3 of tongue

what is cranial nerve 8

Vestibulocochlear - hearing and balance

what is cranial nerve 9

Glossopharyngeal - posterior 1/3 of tongue

what is cranial nerve 10

Vagus - heart and larynx

what is cranial nerve 11

Accessory - head/shoulder movement

what is cranial nerve 12

Hypoglossal - tongue

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the cribiform plate

Olfactory nerve

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Ethmoidal veins

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the Optic canal

Optic nerve

Ophthalmic artery

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the Superior orbital fissure

Oculomotor

Trochlear

Abducens

Ophthalmic

Lacrimal

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the Foramen rotundum

Maxillary nerve

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the Foramen ovale

Mandibular nerve

Lesser petrosal nerve

Accessory meningeal artery

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the Foramen spinosum

Recurrent meningeal nerve

Middle meningeal artery

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the Carotid canal

Carotid plexus nerve

Internal carotid artery

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the Internal acoustic meatus

Facial nerve

Vestibulocochlear nerve

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the Jugular foramen

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Accessory

Internal jugular vein

Sigmoid sinus

Posterior meningeal artery

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the Hypoglossal canal

Hypoglossal nerve

Venous plexus of hypoglossal canal

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the Incisive canal EXOCRANIUM

Nasopalatine nerve

Palatine artery branch

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the Lesser palatine foramen EXOCRANIUM

Lesser palatine nerve

Lesser palatine arteries

what nerve/artery/vein is opened for from the Greater palatine EXOCRANIUM

Greater palatine nerve

Greater palatine artery

What openings are in the anterior cranial fossa

Cribiform plate

What openings are in the middle cranial fossa

Optic canal

Superior orbital fissure

Foramen rotundum

Foramen ovale

Foramen spinosum

Carotid canal

What openings are in the posterior cranial fossa

Internal acoustic meatus

Jugular foramen

Hypoglossal canal

IMPORTANT ONES FROM HERE SO STAR THEM

DONE

What opening does the olfactory nerve go through

Cribiform plate

What opening does the optic nerve go through

Optic canal

What opening does the oculomotor nerve go through

Superior orbital fissure

What opening does the trochlear nerve go through

Superior orbital fissure

What opening does the trigeminal - ophthalmic nerve go through

Superior orbital fissure

What opening does the trigeminal - maxillary nerve go through

Foramen rotundum

What opening does the trigeminal - mandibular nerve go through

Foramen ovale

What opening does the abducent nerve go through

Superior orbital fissure

What opening does the facial nerve go through

Internal acoustic meatus

What opening does the vestibulocochlear nerve go through

Internal acoustic meatus

What opening does the glossopharyngeal nerve go through

Jugular foramen

What opening does the vagus nerve go through

Jugular foramen

What opening does the accessory nerve go through

Jugular foramen

What opening does the hypoglossal nerve go through

Hypoglossal canal

Suture defintion

Connective tissue fusing 2 cranial bones

Synotosis definiton

Cranial bones fusion along sutures

What does the cephalic index measure

percentage of width to length in a cranium

what are the measurements used for the cephalic index

Diameters of the cranium

What is glabella

Midpoint between brows

What is the opisthocranium

Most posterior point in the midsagittal plane of the occiput

What is the length of the cranium measured as

Distance from glabella to the opisthocranium

What is te width of the cranium measured as

Distance between most projected points of the sides of the head

Cephalic index formula

Distance between most projected points of the sides of the head ÷ distance form glabella to opisthocranium x 100

What is a long and narrow cranium

Doliochocephalic

What is a oval cranium

Mesocephalic

What is a broad and short cranium

Brachycephalic

What is a very broad and short cranium

Hyperbrachycephalic

Look

Done

Facial index formaula

Morphological facial height ÷ bizygomatic width x 100

what is the morphological facial height

Vertical distance between nasion and gnathion

What is gnathion

Lowest point of mandible

What is bizygomatic width

Maximum dacial width measured across cheekbones

What is the facial type: very long

Hyperleptoprosopic

What is the facial type: long

Leptoprosopic

What is the facial type: round

Mesoprosopic

What is the facial type: broad

Euriprosopic

What is the facial type: very broad

Hypereuriprosopic

IMPORTANT

What are the order of the 3 cranial bones from outside to inside

Outer table

Diploë

Inner table

How many bones is the frontal bones

1

What is the frontal bone considered as

The transition of the neurocranium and viscerocranium

What does the frontal bone have

Intramembranous ossification

What sinus does the frontal bone have

Frontal paranasal sinus

What does the frontal bone articulate with

Parietal

Sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal, maxilla

zygomatic

Lacrimal

Whatare the 3 parts of te frontal bone

Squamous portion

Orbital portion

Nasal portino

Which of teh frontal bones parts is the largest

Squamous

What does teh squamous portion of the frontal bone form

Supraorbital margin

What does the orbital portion of the fontal bone form

Orbit roof and anterior cranial fossa floor