Medical-Surgical Nursing: Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiac Surgery

These vocabulary flashcards are based on the Chapter 20 handout on Coronary Artery Disease and cardiac surgery, covering etiology, diagnostic tests, symptoms, and clinical management.

Atherosclerosis

The major factor in the etiology of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).

Coronary insufficiency

A pathophysiology involving a lack of oxygen supply to the myocardium and the heart's inability to pump blood effectively to oxygenate tissues and cells.

Dyspnea

Shortness of breath, which is a symptom of both Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction.

Angina Pectoris

A condition occurring when the blood supply to the heart is decreased and the need is increased, causing ischemia of the heart tissue and pain.

Stable (exertional) angina

A type of chest pain that occurs during physical activity or effort.

Variant (vasospastic) angina

A form of angina pectoris caused by spasms in the coronary arteries.

Infarction

An area of necrosis in tissue caused by an obstruction to the flow of blood to that area for a prolonged period.

Acute Myocardial Infarction

Usually caused by thrombosis resulting from a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque, leading to sudden, severe chest pain not relieved by nitrates or rest.

Troponin I (TnI) and Troponin T (TnT)

Specialized tests performed to determine the occurrence of a Myocardial Infarction.

CK-MB

A Creatine phosphokinase test used as a diagnostic tool to determine Myocardial Infarction.

Myoglobin

A protein measured in tests to help determine the presence of a Myocardial Infarction.

Cardiogenic Shock

A complication of MI where the left ventricle is badly damaged, resulting in decreased cardiac output and signs such as diaphoresis and urinary output less than $20\,mL/h$.

Intra-aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)

A diagnostic device using a balloon catheter in the aorta that inflates during diastole and deflates during systole to decrease heart workload and increase coronary blood flow.

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A nonsurgical treatment option used to manage patients with coronary artery disease.

Transmyocardial laser revascularization

A specialized treatment procedure for patients with cardiac disorders.

Dressler syndrome

A complication occurring after a Myocardial Infarction that requires monitoring during the cardiac rehabilitation and home recovery period.