ANAPHY REVIEW 8

The skull is one of the major components of the axial skeleton. Name the other two.

bony thorax and vertebrae

What structures does the skull protect?

protects the brain

What structures does the bony thorax protect?

protects the thoracic cavity (heart & lungs)

What structures does the vertebrae protect?

protects the spinal column

Define suture

the interlocking joints; immovable joints that connect bones of skull

With one exception, the skull bones are joined by sutures. Name the exception.

mandible

What are the four major sutures of the skull and what bones do they connect?

Sagittal- 2 parietal bones
Coronal- parietals meet frontal bone
Squamous- temporal meets parietal
Lambdoid- occipital meets parietal

Name the 8 bones that form the cranium.

frontal, ethmoid, right temporal, left temporal, right parietal, left parietal, sphenoid, occipital

Give two possible functions of the sinuses.

lighten facial bones; act as resonance chambers for speech

What is the orbit?

eye socket

Why can the sphenoid bone be called the keystone of the cranial base?

because it forms a plateau across the width of the skull

Bone forming anterior cranium

frontal

Cheekbone

zygomatic

Upper Jaw

maxilla

Bony skeleton of nose

nasal

Posterior roof of mouth

palatine

Bone pair united by the sagittal suture

parietal

Site of jugular foramen and carotid canal

temporal

contains a "saddle" that houses the pituitary gland

sphenoid

allows tear ducts to pass

lacrimal

forms most of hard palate

maxilla

superior and medial nasal conchae are part of this bone

ethmoid

site of external auditory meatus

temporal

has greater and lesser wings

sphenoid

its 'holey' plate allows olfactory fibers to pass

ethmoid

facial bone that contains a sinus

maxilla

three cranial bones containing paranasal sinuses

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid

its oval-shaped protrusions articulate with the atlas

occipital

spinal cord passes through a large opening in this bone

occipital

not really a skull bone

hyoid

forms the chin

mandible

inferior part of nasal septum

vomer

contain sockets (alveoli) bearing teeth

mandible, maxilla

vertebral type with bifid (forked) spinous process

cervical vertebra-typical

pivots on C2; lacks a body

atlas

bears facets for articulation with ribs; forms part of bony thoracic cage

thoracic vertebra

forms a joint with the hip bone

sacrum

vertebra with blocklike body and short, stout spinous process

lumbar vertebra

tail bone

coccyx

articulates with the occipital condyles

axis

five components; unfused

lumbar vertebra

twelve components; unfused

thoracic vertebra

five components; fused

sacrum

What kind of tissue makes up the intervertebral disc?

fibrocartilage

What is a herniated disc?

a slipped disc; protruding cartilage from vertebra

What problems might a herniated disc cause?

pain and numbness

The major components of the thorax (excluding the vertebral column) are the

ribs and sternum

What is the general shape of the thoracic cage?

cone-shaped

cavity enclosing the nerve cord

vertebral foramen

weight bearing portion of the vertebra

body

provides levers against muscle pull

spinous and transverse process

provide an articulation point for the ribs

body and transverse process

opening providing for exit of spinal nerves

intervertebral foramen

structure that forms for the enclosure f the spinal cord

body and vertebral arch

what kind of tissue makes up the intervertebral dics

fibrocartilage