last minuite rome

Nobiles

Richest and had ancestory in political office

Letter referencing

Can analyse if it is private or not

Spelling of political enimies

Inimicitia

When talking about hostility

Separate personal and political

Practical and situational

Where did Caesar force legislation through

Tribune of the plebs not military tribunes

Pro fonteio

Cicero defended Fonteius, a former governor of Gaul, who was prosecuted for extortion and maladministration in a trial presided over by the praetor Marcus Caecilius Metellus

IN 69BC

Pompey and crassus laws

Revivial of the senate powers

Revival of the veto power of tribunes

Revival of the make up of the law courts now senators and equites

Pro murena

Cicero defended murena during his consulship over charges of corruption which drew criticims from Cato

Pro sestio

56BC

speech given in defence of sestius involved in the gang warfare in 56bc

When were the phillipics

46

How did cicero use oratary techniques

-appealing to the importance of an issue

-presenting sympathetically who had been effected

-exploring what would happen if the crime went unpunished

-appealing towards setting an example

-emphasising the foulness of the crime

-noting the unique scale of the crime

-describing the crime in detail

Cicero conveying corruption in the trial of verres

Verres not mentioned at the start so he can explain crime without him

Direct adress at the time

‘Crucial time for the republic’ hperbole

Saying how angry many people were including Pompey who is a man of the republic

‘Law courts had become disgracefull and wicked

Cicero trial of verres talking about the precedant the trial will set

Very rich men are able to be condemned when senators are acting as judges context

Cicero quotes trial of verres as a defender of the state

‘Relieve it from the dishonour which I share from it’

‘Contempt and dispised by the roman people’

Cicero is an outside so he had to bond over the love for the republic

Cicero flattering the jury

‘Our courts’

Cicero portrayal of verres

-‘many wicked acts against Gods and men’

-‘the religious duties and rites assigned to him by lot were violated’

-‘the most violent gusts of storm’

Cicero on his own mission

-‘resist their malace with our own strategy’

Cicero humour in his letters

‘Brutus reports caesar has joined the optimates good news but where is he going to find them unless he hangs himself’

Cicero rhetorical in his letters

-‘now what do you think I hear in Lanvium?’ While in exile

Cicero metaphor in his letters

-‘beautiful feast of the ides of march’

Verres trial number of cash

400 sesterces

Tricolon

Combo of three words

Anaphora

Repetition of a word or phrase for emphasis

Apostrophe

direct address to a person or thing either present or absent in the course of a speech.

Litotes

Use of negative to express a positive

Praeteritio

Latin term that means ‘passing over’; as a rhetorical device it refers to the practice of mentioning something by not meaning to mention it.

Asyndeton

Lack of conjunctions in a sentance

"He had everything: apples, oranges bananas, grapes!"

Polysyndeton

Using a lot of conjunctions in a list

"He had everything: apples and oranges and bananas and grapes!"

Antithesis

Juxtopositioning of ideas

Roman rank spelling

Cursus honorum

First rank of curses honorum

Consul

Co leaders

42

Second rank of curses honorum

Praetor

Law courts

Had to be 39

Third rank of curses honorum

Aedile

Events

Had to be 36

Last rank of cursus honorum

Quaestor spending and had to be 30

Tribal assembely

Split rome into 35 tribes

Elected roman magistrates and had courts within the tribes

When was the marriage request

62

When did cato run against pompey and for what

68BC

Military tribune

Cicero defending someone in 69

Defending fonteio for the charges of bribery and cato opposed him

Cicero gave a speech mocking cato and backing murena

Why did caesar want a triumph

Caesar had successfully campaigned against the Callaeci and Lusitani,

Caesars reforms post 49BC

Promoting clonies

Calandar reform

Paying soldiers more

Forum expansion

Penalised rebels to get more money

Bigger senate

Reorganised the corn dole

Equal numbers of senators and equites

Enfranchised the gauls

Fixed land tax not variable between areas

 

When did cicero refuse to join the triumvirate

End of 60BC

Examples of cum dignita otium

Cicero’s exile and retreat

Panthers thing in the letter

The letter is to caelius and he is refusing to send the panthers as it appears as bribery

Verres quotes

‘Dishonour of the courts at a crucial time for the republic’

‘No wealthy man however guilty he may be can possibly be convcited’

‘Plots against me you and the roman people’

‘Plundered and stripped all of the most ancient monuments’

Lettert to plancus

43BC

a most distinguished man, is being blockaded by a gang of vile brigands, which ought to lay down their weapons and beg for peace;

Key bit of context cicero supports brutus and marc anthony is going over consulship

In the letter Cicero is encouraging him to be more politicallky active

Letter to trebonius

43BC

Thanking him for the ides of march

Saying he should take a more politically active role

Syme of caesar

This man was looking for assasination

Paterson on cicero 2 quotes

Novous homo was rare

Piece of wishfull thinking

Brunt on cato

In his day he was at the forefront

Steel on verres

Greatest villan in roman history

Paterson on populares

Personalities not policies

Bispham on the populares

Populares meant something opposed to the optimates

Bispham on triumvirate

Marriage of convenience

Cicero as an orator