PE Materials

Three components of Exploration for soil testing ?

Boring, Sampling, Testing

Which type of sample would provide you with an undisturbed sample?

Thin - Wall Tube Samplers (Shelby Tube, or Stationary Piston Sampler)

SPT test you get only what?

Resistance value, N — however you can go further using N and calc angle of internal friction unconfined compressive strength, and unit weight of materials indirectly

The lower the blow count, the _____ the blow- times it hits soil to break through

faster

What is the N value of a boring log reading 7-10-16-4

N=26

An undisturbed clay is required for consolidation testing. The sample is best obtained using a ____

Shelby tube

Disturbed samples obtained and are adequate for moisture content, gradation, atterberg limits test, and valuable for visual identification but are not suitable for strength or consolidation testing.

Split barrel sampler (split spoon)

The Shelby tube is suitable for _____and _____test for undisturbed soils

strength and consolidation

This sample is suitable for highly undisturbed soils

Stationary Piston Sampler

_____Testing , used to provide information on the characteristics of the sample

Standard penetration test

Identifies a penetration resistance value (N), obtain estimates for angle of internal friction of cohesionless soil, unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil, and materials unit weight

Standard Penetration Test

Drilling method that can be used on all types of soil including sandy soils, but not suitable if soil is mixed with gravel, cobbles

Hollow- Stem Auger

Drilling method used for soil exploration below ground water table , provided soil is sand, silt or clay, not suitable if mixed with gravel or boulders

Wash Boring

Disturbed soil samples have experienced ____ disturbances , may be used for ______ and test

large, classification

Undisturbed samples used for ____ and _____test (direct shear, triaxial shear, unconfined compression test

 consolidation and strength

when rock is encountered, the split spoon sampler is replaced with a ________ sampler

rock core

Sieve analysis is done for ________grain soil (sand and gravel), and atterberg limits is done for ____grain soils (silt and clay).

Coarse, and fine

what # separates gravel from sand within a sieve analysis?

#4

what # separates coarse material from fine material within a sieve analysis?

#200

Why does the effect of water not matter for gravel and sand but it does for silts and clay ?

Water will seep through gravel and sand but effect silt and clay strength

D10 stands for what in a gradation curve?

Percentage of material passing (percent finer)

low plasticity of clay is considered _____clay, high plasticity of clay is considered __ clay.

lean, fat

If you have a dense soil you have a ____-er angle of internal friction

Higher

Partially Saturated Soil, Moist Soil, Wet Soil, and Unsaturated soil are all soils part of the ___ phase diagram

Three

Two phase diagrams are soils that are called either _____ soil or _____ soil

Dry soil or saturated soil

Unit weight of water gamma w is equal to ___over ____

weight of water over void of water

Submerged unit weight definition

Effective unit weight or buoyant unit weight, difference between sat unit weight and pore water pressure

What parameters effect coefficient of permeability (k)

soil particle, shape, structure, void ratio, degree of saturation, and void connectivity

Hydraulic conductivity is ___ to the coefficient of permeability

equal to (remember page 188)

What soil type is most susceptible to frost heave?

Silt- water is trapped moreover it is not clay because clay does not allow water to come in nor go out of clay

The laboratory test used for determining permeability of fine grained soils is

Falling head permeability test

The difference in hydraulic head between two points of interests and the flow distance between these two points

hydraulic gradient

When a soil is subjected to a compressive force its __________ decreases

volume

Property of soil due to which a decrease in volume occurs under compressive force is known as the ______ of soil

compressibility

 The compressibility of a soil is mostly dependent on the ____ of the soil _____

rigidity, skeleton

Shear strength parameters cohesion and friction angle can be determined directly or indirectly by standard field ______, or lab test _____, ________

vane shear, direct shear ,  triaxial test

Laboratory test (standard and modified proctor test) are conducted to determine the ____of a soil or aggregate sample

optimum moisture content and max dry density

Laboratory test standard proctor test mold volume is typically ____cubic feet.

1/30

Field test (sand cone method or nuclear densometer test) are conducted to determine the ____of a soil or aggregate sample

assess the degree of compaction

What are the four popular compaction quality control test

sand cone, balloon densometer, shelby tube, and nuclear gauge

 why use sand cone quality control test

large sample, accurate

 why use balloon densometer quality control test

large sample, direct reading, open grade material

 why use shelby tube quality control test

fast, deep, under pipe haunches

 why use nuclear gauge quality control test

fast, easy to redo, reliability

The fill for the subgrade material must be of high quality and , preferably _______material.

granular

Sand Cone Method is not suitable for ____, _____, or _____ soils that would deform or compress during the excavation of the test hole

organic, saturated, or highly plastic

zero air voids line on the moisture density plot defines ______.

defines that edge of prohibited territory

optimum water content exists at which it will achieve its ____ density

maximum

when water is added to the soil during compaction it acts as a _______ agent

softening

During compaction, with an increase in moisture content, the dry unit weight of soil ____

first increases, reaches peak, then decreases - see chart in PEHB

The reason for a field compaction test is for the purpose of ___.

Measuring the dry unit weight in the field

During SPT unusually low blow counts are encountered in a foundation expected for medium dense to dense sand. This is an indication that ….

The groundwater in the borehole is much lower than in situ conditions outside of the bore hole

disturbed soil samples can be used for_____ , ___, and _____

grain size analysis, specific gravity, and soil classification

The proctor method of assessing soil compaction based on _____unit weight

 Dry

Laboratory soil compaction test is used to obtain _____ and _____

max dry unit weight , and optimum moisture content

Compacting a clay soil, increase - decrease - same for void ratio, specific gravity, degree of sat, water content, moist unit weight , assume no water or solids are lost

decrease, same, increase, same, increase

if given a chart of 5 different 3 phase diagrams, same soil grain amount in each, the diagram with the ______ amount of volume has the maximum dry unit weight

smallest

 Does a water drinking plant use pressure or gravity system

pressure only

Does a sanitary sewer system use pressure or gravity system

both gravity up until pump station then pressure into treatment plant

true or false you can use a vitrified clay pipe(vcp) for drinking water plants

 False, only for sanitary sewer system

how would you obtain the crown information of a pipe

Crown elevation = invert elevation + Outside Diameter - Thickness

the higher the pipe schedule (Schedule 80) vs (Schedule 40) the higher amount of ____ it can handle

pressure

what two types of pipe materials are highly resistant to corrosion

clay and plastic

 What protection measures could you do to prevent corrosion of a pipe in highly corrosive soil

Orthophosphate and Mg anode-sacrifice brick

If they ask you color code of pipes look at the __

2018 recommended standards for waterworks reference manual (given)

The lower the roughness coeffient (ex: concrete- more resistence) for a pipe the _____ the head loss (energy of a fluid as it flows through pipe)

higher