L 27 Toxidromes, Bites, Burns, and Anaphylaxis

A set of 15 practice flashcards covering toxidromes (acetaminophen, salicylate, opioid, etc.), bite management, burn resuscitation (Parkland formula), and anaphylaxis based on high-yield lecture materials.

What is the mechanism of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in treating an acetaminophen overdose?

It replenishes glutathione and prevents liver damage by neutralizing the toxic metabolite NAPQI.

In a patient with salicylate toxicity, what is the indicated next step if the serum level is > $100 ext{ mg/dL}$ with altered mental status?

Hemodialysis

What are the hallmark physical findings for Anticholinergic Toxicity?

Dry skin, dilated pupils, tachycardia, urinary retention, absent bowel sounds, and delirium.

What is the first-line treatment for an unresponsive patient presenting with pinpoint pupils and a respiratory rate of $6 ext{ breaths/min}$?

Naloxone (reverses respiratory depression)

Which toxic alcohol is metabolized to formic acid and clinically presents with vision loss?

Methanol

What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for agitation and seizures during alcohol withdrawal?

Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam or lorazepam)

In distinguishing Serotonin Syndrome from Anticholinergic toxicity, which skin finding is characteristic of Serotonin Syndrome?

Sweaty (diaphoretic) skin; Anticholinergic toxicity is characterized by dry skin.

What is the most appropriate antibiotic for the management of a cat bite (Pasteurella)?

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Using the Parkland formula, calculate the total fluid volume of Lactated Ringer's (LR) for a $70 ext{ kg}$ patient with a 30 ext{ % BSA} burn.

$8400 ext{ mL}$ (4 ext{ mL} imes 70 ext{ kg} imes 30 ext{ % BSA} )

What is the first-line, life-saving medication for a patient experiencing anaphylaxis?

Epinephrine IM ($0.3 ext{ to } 0.5 ext{ mg}$ in the thigh)

What specific metabolite causes hepatocyte necrosis when glutathione stores are depleted in acetaminophen overdose?

NAPQI accumulation

Which spider is identified by a pigmented violin-shaped pattern on its back and causes initially painless bites that may progress to necrosis?

Brown Recluse

Why is intubation generally avoided in patients with salicylate toxicity unless airway failure is present?

It can cause the loss of compensatory respiratory alkalosis, leading to clinical deterioration.

How is a 3rd-degree (full thickness) burn described in terms of pain and appearance?

It is painless (due to destroyed nerve endings) and appears white or blackened.

Which type of angioedema is caused by ACE inhibitors or C1 inhibitor deficiency and does not respond to antihistamines?

Bradykinin-induced angioedema