Agricultural Sciences Grade 11

These flashcards cover essential concepts and definitions related to Agricultural Sciences for Grade 11 students, focusing on chemistry, soil science, plant nutrition, pest management, and cultivation techniques.

What is chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of the properties, composition and structure of matter, the changes that occur in matter, and the energy that is released during these changes.

Define Matter.

Matter is anything that can occupy space and has mass.

What is an Atom?

An atom is the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means.

What are Protons?

Protons are subatomic particles with a positive charge.

What is the Atomic Mass Number?

The atomic mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

What is the Periodic Table?

The periodic table is a table of all the known elements arranged in order of their atomic number.

What are Isotopes?

Isotopes are elements that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

What are Acids?

Acids are substances with a high concentration of H+ ions and have low pH.

What is the pH scale?

The pH scale is a scale that describes how acidic or basic a liquid is, ranging from 0 to 14.

What is Photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants produce food from carbon dioxide and water using sunlight.

What is Soil Texture?

Soil texture refers to the relative size of particles in a given soil.

What is Soil Classification?

Soil classification is the grouping of soil with similar properties for understanding and managing soil.

Explain Lawn Drainage.

Lawn drainage is the process of removing excess water from the soil surface and root systems of crops to prevent water-logging.

What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

IPM is a combined approach of cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods for controlling pests in crops.

What is Asexual Reproduction?

Asexual reproduction is the process of reproducing a plant from a piece of a parent plant without the fusion of gametes.

Define GMO.

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) is a plant or animal that has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

What is Hydroponics?

Hydroponics is the art of growing plants in water without the use of soil.

What is Aquaculture?

Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, mollusks, and aquatic plants.

Explain Optimal Resource Utilization.

Optimal resource utilization refers to using the right methods and systems to maximize the efficiency of water, nutrients, and land in agriculture.

What is the significance of Soil Water?

Soil water is crucial for transporting nutrients to plants, providing structural support, and acting as a medium for chemical reactions.

Describe the function of Soil Colloids.

Soil colloids are tiny soil particles that have a net negative charge attracting positive cations, significantly influencing soil fertility.

What are Biomolecules?

Biomolecules include lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids which play essential roles in living organisms.

How do weeds affect agricultural productivity?

Weeds compete with crops for light, nutrients, and water, thereby reducing crop yields.

What are the main factors influencing plant disease?

The main factors include environmental conditions, such as moisture and temperature, as well as the presence of pathogens.

Define Soil Morphology.

Soil morphology is the study of the shape, arrangement, and color of the soil profile.

What are the characteristics of organic fertilizers?

Organic fertilizers are made from natural sources, contain organic matter, and improve soil health.

State one advantage of conservation tillage.

Conservation tillage reduces soil erosion and improves soil structure.

What does the term monoculture refer to?

Monoculture is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop in a given area.