POSI EXECUTIVE REGIME

presidential system

one in which he governement does not depend on a legislative majority to exist

Parliamentary system

the government depends only on a legislative majority to exist- a president may or may not exist but the government is not respnsible to the president

semi-presidential system

government depends on a legislative majority and the head of state is popularly elected- a president elected to a fixed term exist and the governement is also responsible to that president

examples of presidential systems

• U.S.

• Mexico

• brazil

presidential systems confidence votes

• votes of no confidence

• vote of confidence

Investiture vote

government formation and survival requires the confidence of the legislature

Government formation is easy when one party controls a legislative majority

governement formation is more complicted when no party controls a legislative majority

Parliamentary governements end for several reasons:

• an election that changes the balance of power in legislature

• a successful vote of no confidence

• voluntary resignation

Responsibility to the president can be direct or indirect

• Direct : president can remove individual ministers or the entire cabinet

• Indirect: president can dissolve the legislature

Cohabitation

• occurs when the president and primer minister are form different parties

• presidents may need to appoint members of other parties to the cabinet to avoid votes of no confidence

• ex: Ukraine 2006

perils of presidentialism

• linz (1990) argued that presidential systems of democracy are more vulnerable to authoritarian reversals than parliamentary systems

According to Linz (1990) presidentialism:

• discourages coalition formation

• creates a lack of party discipline

• encourages minority governments

• creates deadlocks and legislative inefficiencies