Comprehensive Notes on Skeletal Anatomy, Joint Function, and Bone Physiology (copy)

Articular Cartilage

Acts as a smoothing agent for bone surfaces to reduce grinding between bones in a joint.

Synovial Fluid

Lubricates joints for smooth movement and prevents cartilage-on-cartilage rubbing.

Periosteum

A thin layer wrapping the bone, containing blood vessels, nerves, and osteoblasts, serving as the bone's life support system.

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

A condition where the tendon pulls on the bone leading to pain and inflammation, commonly associated with jumping sports.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that are involved in maintaining bone tissue.

Osteoblasts

Bone-building cells that produce new bone matrix.

Osteoclasts

Cells that break down bone tissue.

Remodeling Cycle

The process where bone is continuously broken down and rebuilt, with cells having a life cycle of about 7 years.

Long Bones

Bones defined by having a long shaft, such as the femur.

Fibrous Joints

Non-moving articulations joined by fibers, such as the sutures of the skull.

Cartilaginous Joints

Slightly movable joints that contain cartilage between bones, like intervertebral discs.

Synovial Joints

Freely movable joints featuring a synovial membrane and fluid, allowing extensive movement.

Uniaxial Joints

Joints that move in one axis, such as hinge joints.

Crepitus

A grinding sensation or sound caused by bone rubbing on bone, indicating potential joint issues.

Multi-axial Joints

Joints capable of movement in multiple axes, such as ball and socket joints.

Labrum

Extra articular cartilage that deepens the joint socket for stability, found in synovial joints.