global studies final add unit 10 ON MONDAY

In underdeveloped countries , most people live in________ rather than________

rural, city

In underdeveloped countries, birth and death rates are_______ and life expectancy is_____

high, low

Why is hunger and malnutrition common in underdeveloped countries?

due to not enough protein in diet

In developed countries, what two industries do most people work in?

Manufacturing or service industries

What is the millennium development goal?

to cut the number of people living in poverty in half by 2015

What are two reasons?Why nations in africa and eastern europe saw a huge drop in income in 1990s?

The collapse of communism and life expectancy going down due to hiv/aids

Rostow Modernization Model

Looks at how countries become economically developed. It has five stages: traditional society, preconditions to take off, take off, drive to maturity, and high mass consumption

Wallerstein's World Systems Theory

Explains the spatial relationships between countries and explains uneven economic development. it has 3 parts the core, semi-periphery and periphery

And what stage(name and #) of Rostow's development model due countries experience little ability to "move up" and become more wealthy

Stage 1: tradition society

In what stage?(name and #) of Rostow's development model.Do countries become a major export industry with increased international trade?

Stage 3 :takeoff

Wallerstein's World Systems Theory divides the world into 3 regions, list them

Core, semi-periphery, periphery

In the Dependency Theory, the _______ sends cheap labor and natural resources to the semi periphery and the core

periphery

What is the brandt line?

The division of more developed countries from less developed countries, spatial analysis of development, generally,MDCs are in the northern hemisphere and LDCs are in the southern hemisphere

Economic activities that involve mining fishing, agriculture and forestry are called

Primary economic activities

Economic activities that involve processing and manufacturing raw materials into finished product are called

secondary economic activities

What is the name for the taxon items entering or leaving a country

tariff

Globalization

The development of a global, or worldwide, society, where goods, people, money and information travel freely across borders

Free trade

Allow goods to flow freely across borders without taxes (aka tariffs)

Outsourcing

When a company chooses to manufacture their product outside of their home country, usually to save money by paying a lower wage in the developing country. information technology makes this possible, like the internet, cell phones, etc

Improvements in_______________ and ____________ also encourage trade and the spread of globalization

communication, technology

Define central business district

The oldest area in a city, usually at the original site of development

Wireland values high in the CBD?

Competition for accessibility

Why are industrial and residential activities discourage in the CBD?

high rent and land shortages

List 6 examples of underground CBDs

-garages

-loading docks

-pipes for water and sewer services

-telephone, electric, and TV cables

-subway trains

-pedestrian passages

Give an example of vertical geography

skyscrapers

In which model does the city grow outward from a central location and a series of rings

concentric zone model

In the Hoyts Sector Model where are lower income neighborhoods usually located

Around the industry

In which model do large cities develop many nodes ( a neighborhood, university, airport, park) around which different types of people and activities occur. some activities are attracted to particular nodes whereas others try to avoid them

Multiple nuclei model

Define edge cities

The nodes of consumer and business services around the beltway

Where is the elite residential section in the latin america model located

the spine

What is the population of the fourth largest city in the country?Where the rank size rule applies, if the largest city is one million in population

250,000

What is a primate city

A city that is more than twice as large as the next largest city in a country that dominates the country's economic, political and cultural life

Describe the gravity model

A mathematical formula to predict the interaction between two places, such as trade, migration, or communication

Every decade the ___________ publishes data, summarizing the characteristics of the residents and the housing in each tract in the united states

U.S Bureau

The largest increase in population within U.S cities has occurred in

suburbs

Why are people attracted to suburbs

• private land surrounding the house

• space to park cars

• space for children to play

• protection from high crime rates

• heavy traffic that characterizes inner city life

Sprawl

The tendency of cities to grow outward in an unchecked manner

smart growth a city planning strategy that helps communities grow in a sustainable and efficient way

What kinds of amenities are urban slums lacking

Basic living conditions

What is the name for slums or shanty towns located around the outside of large cities in brazil

favelas

List 3 reasons that consumption of food varies around the world, both in total amount and source of nutrients

• level of development

• physical conditions

• cultural preferences

Define food security

The physical,social, and economic access to save a nutritious food, sufficient to lead an active and healthy lifestyle

Which region has the largest percentage of undernourished people

Sub-Saharan Africa

What is the leading source of protein in developed countries

meat

What 3 cereal, grains are the leading source of protein in developing countries

Wheat, rice, and maize

Prior to the advent of agriculture, how did humans obtain needed food?

Through hunting for animals, fishing or gathering plants ( berries, nuts, and fruits)

What were the early crops of latin america

maize (corn), beans, cotton, and potatoes

define substance farming

Farmers grow the crops for their own consumption, not for sale

Define commercial agriculture

Production of cash crops primarily for sale off the farm

5 types of agriculture found in developing countries

-Nomadic Herding/Pastoral Nomadism

• shifting cultivation

• intensive subsistence, wet rice dominant

• intensive subsistence, wet rice not dominant

• plantation

6 types of agriculture found in developed countries

• mixed crop and livestock

• dairy

-Market Gardening/Commercial Gardening/ Truck Farming

• grain

• mediterranean

• livestock ranching

Nomadic herding is the dominant type of agriculture, in which 4 places

Northern Africa, Southwest Asia, Central Asia, East Asia

Describe shifting cultivation

Farmers move from one field to another, aka slash-and-burn agriculture, because farmers clear and fertilize the land by burning vegetation. When the soil loses fertility, the farmers moved to a different plot of land and repeat

List the types of crops grown in plantation farms

Coffee, rubber, sugarcane, bananas, tea, coconuts, and cotton

What are the 4 most important crops grown in the mediterranean region

olives, grapes, dates, figs

According to Von Thunens model, what was the first ring( after the market) used for

Dairy farming, market gardening

According to Von Thunens model, which agricultural activities found furthest away from the city center

Ranching.

Why was forestry located where it is on the Von Thunen model

It is an important resource( building material, fuel source, heat source) while needing to be close as it's difficult to transport

According to the bid run theory, what happens to the value of land as one gets closer to the central business district (market)

The value of land increases, becoming more expensive

What is a food desert?

An urban or rural area without easy access to fresh, healthy, and affordable foods

Instead of grocery stores kalma, what type of restaurants might you see in a food desert

Instead of supermarkets or grocery stores, these communities are usually served by fast food or convenience stores

What are the 5 requirements for a state

• defined territory with borders

• permanent population

• government

• sovereignty

• recognition from other states

Define nation

a group of people with a common identity through shared cultural traits such as language, religion, ehnicity, and heritage

List 3 examples of nation states

Japan, Denmark, and Iceland

What is the stateless nation

Nations of people without a state to occupy

Where was the location of the 1885 conference where european imperialist powers of the 19th century divided the continent of africa among themselves

Berlin

Africa, south asia, and latin america experienced a period of decolonization and independence movements during which time period

1945-1990

What is a natural boundary

Major physical features that serve as the means of separation

What are consequent boundaries?

Boundaries drawn to separate different cultures, religions, languages, ethnicities, etc

Give an example of a consequent boundary

The boundary between India and current-day Pakistan was created to separate the main religions in the region, Hindu and Islam.

Define relic boundaries

Boundaries that ceases to exist, but the imprint of the boundary still remains on the cultural landscape

According to the united nations convention on the law of seas, 'territorial seas' are __ nautical miles from the coastline

12

What is the EEZ(Exclusive Economic Zone)?

a 200 nautical miles zone; a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources such as fishing, whaling, as well as natural resources like gas, oil, and energy

Name the checkpoint that links the persian gulf with the arabian sea and it is the main artery for the transport of oil from the middle east

Strait of Hormuz

What is the median line principle

Maritime waters are divided in half where 200 nautical miles do not exist

Define gerrymandering

Political parties redraw the districts to their advantage. helps the party in power to gain seats in the house of representatives