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Anterior
Front part of a human body, including face and abdominal region
Posterior
Back part of a human body, including shoulder blades and heels
Superior
Higher up on the body
Inferior
Lower on the body
Medial
Closer to the midline
Lateral
Further away from the midline
Proximal
Closer to the trunk
Distal
Further away from the trunk
Superficial
Closer to the skin surface
Deep
Further within the body
Dorsal
Associated with the spinal side of the body
Ventral
Associated with the abdominal side of the body
Tissues
Cells working together
Organs
Tissues working together
Organ systems
Organs working together
Nervous Tissue
Communication, Neurons
Connective Tissue
Binding and support
Epithelial Tissue
Lining of organs
Muscular Tissue
Movement, Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal
Long bone
Femur, Humerus
Short bone
Tarsals, Carpals
Flat bone
Scapula, Ribs
Irregular bone
Vertebrae, Mandible
Osteoblasts
Build bones
Osteoclasts
Break down bones
Fracture repair stages
Inflammation, Soft Callus Formation, Hard Callus Formation, Remodeling
Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory receptors, neurons
Cerebrum
Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital lobes
Cerebellum
Muscle control and balance
Brain stem
Medulla oblongata, Pons, Midbrain
Neurons
Dendrite, Cell membrane, Nucleus, Axon, Cell body, Nodes of Ranvier, Myelin sheath, Schwann cell, Axon terminal
Muscle rules
Attachments, Pulling, Flexors, Extensors, Opposing pairs, Striations
Endocrine structures
Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Pineal Gland, Thyroid Gland, Thymus, Adrenal Gland, Pancreas, Ovary, Testes
Type 1 Diabetes
Insulin deficiency
Type 2 Diabetes
Insulin resistance
Estrogen
Low in males, high in females
Progesterone
High in females, low in males
Testosterone
Varies in males, low in females
Estrogen
Hormone involved in puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, sperm development, and bone health.
Progesterone
Hormone involved in menstruation, pregnancy, and testosterone production.
Valves
Prevent backflow of blood into previous chambers of the heart.
Coronary arteries
Vessels bringing oxygenated blood to the heart itself.
Pulmonary vein
Supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle.
Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
Supplies blood to the right ventricle and atrium.
Systolic pressure
Pressure in the arteries during heart systole, pumping blood through the body.
Diastolic pressure
Pressure in the arteries during heart diastole, allowing the heart to fill with blood.
Cardiac output
Measure of blood pumped by the heart in one minute, measured in liters.
ABI (Ankle-Brachial Index)
Calculated by dividing ankle systolic pressure by arm systolic pressure.
Peripheral Artery Disease
Condition reducing blood flow to extremities, increasing risk for critical limb ischemia.
Atherosclerosis
Common cause of peripheral artery disease, characterized by plaque buildup in blood vessels.
Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Processes in kidney function.
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Genetic disorder causing fluid-filled cysts in kidneys, leading to kidney failure.
