Copy of Copy of HBS EOC Study Guide.docx

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53 Terms

1

Anterior

Front part of a human body, including face and abdominal region

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2

Posterior

Back part of a human body, including shoulder blades and heels

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3

Superior

Higher up on the body

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4

Inferior

Lower on the body

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5

Medial

Closer to the midline

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6

Lateral

Further away from the midline

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7

Proximal

Closer to the trunk

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8

Distal

Further away from the trunk

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9

Superficial

Closer to the skin surface

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10

Deep

Further within the body

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11

Dorsal

Associated with the spinal side of the body

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12

Ventral

Associated with the abdominal side of the body

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13

Tissues

Cells working together

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14

Organs

Tissues working together

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15

Organ systems

Organs working together

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16

Nervous Tissue

Communication, Neurons

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17

Connective Tissue

Binding and support

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18

Epithelial Tissue

Lining of organs

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19

Muscular Tissue

Movement, Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal

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20

Long bone

Femur, Humerus

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21

Short bone

Tarsals, Carpals

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22

Flat bone

Scapula, Ribs

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23

Irregular bone

Vertebrae, Mandible

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24

Osteoblasts

Build bones

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25

Osteoclasts

Break down bones

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26

Fracture repair stages

Inflammation, Soft Callus Formation, Hard Callus Formation, Remodeling

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27

Central Nervous System

Brain and spinal cord

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28

Peripheral Nervous System

Sensory receptors, neurons

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29

Cerebrum

Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital lobes

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30

Cerebellum

Muscle control and balance

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31

Brain stem

Medulla oblongata, Pons, Midbrain

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32

Neurons

Dendrite, Cell membrane, Nucleus, Axon, Cell body, Nodes of Ranvier, Myelin sheath, Schwann cell, Axon terminal

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33

Muscle rules

Attachments, Pulling, Flexors, Extensors, Opposing pairs, Striations

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34

Endocrine structures

Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Pineal Gland, Thyroid Gland, Thymus, Adrenal Gland, Pancreas, Ovary, Testes

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35

Type 1 Diabetes

Insulin deficiency

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36

Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin resistance

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37

Estrogen

Low in males, high in females

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38

Progesterone

High in females, low in males

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39

Testosterone

Varies in males, low in females

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40

Estrogen

Hormone involved in puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, menopause, sperm development, and bone health.

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41

Progesterone

Hormone involved in menstruation, pregnancy, and testosterone production.

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42

Valves

Prevent backflow of blood into previous chambers of the heart.

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43

Coronary arteries

Vessels bringing oxygenated blood to the heart itself.

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44

Pulmonary vein

Supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle.

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45

Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

Supplies blood to the right ventricle and atrium.

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46

Systolic pressure

Pressure in the arteries during heart systole, pumping blood through the body.

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47

Diastolic pressure

Pressure in the arteries during heart diastole, allowing the heart to fill with blood.

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48

Cardiac output

Measure of blood pumped by the heart in one minute, measured in liters.

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49

ABI (Ankle-Brachial Index)

Calculated by dividing ankle systolic pressure by arm systolic pressure.

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50

Peripheral Artery Disease

Condition reducing blood flow to extremities, increasing risk for critical limb ischemia.

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51

Atherosclerosis

Common cause of peripheral artery disease, characterized by plaque buildup in blood vessels.

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52

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Processes in kidney function.

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53

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Genetic disorder causing fluid-filled cysts in kidneys, leading to kidney failure.

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