Caregiver-infant interactions in humans: reciprocity and interactional synchrony. Stages of tachment identified by Schaffer. Multiple attachments and the role of the father (STUDIES)

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Last updated 4:21 PM on 5/11/26
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15 Terms

1
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Term: Meltzoff and Moore (Aim)

Definition:

  • Investigated whether infants could imitate facial expressions.
  • Studied interactional synchrony in caregiver-infant interactions.
  • Supports idea that babies are active participants in attachment formation.
2
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Term: Meltzoff and Moore (Procedure)

Definition:

  • Adult displayed facial expressions to infants.
  • Expressions included tongue protrusion and mouth opening.
  • Researchers observed whether infants copied behaviour.
3
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Term: Meltzoff and Moore (Findings)

Definition:

  • Infants imitated adult facial expressions.
  • Suggested interactional synchrony occurs from a very young age.
  • Supports idea that babies are active participants in attachment formation.
4
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Term: Isabella et al. (Aim)

Definition:

  • Investigated the relationship between interactional synchrony and attachment quality.
5
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Term: Isabella et al. (Procedure)

Definition:

  • Observed mothers and infants interacting together.
  • Measured levels of interactional synchrony.
  • Compared synchrony with attachment type.
6
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Term: Isabella et al. (Findings)

Definition:

  • Higher levels of synchrony linked to better attachment quality.
  • Supports importance of caregiver-infant interactions.
7
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Term: Schaffer and Emerson (Aim)

Definition:

  • Investigated stages of attachment in infants.
  • Examined who infants formed attachments to first.
8
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Term: Schaffer and Emerson (Procedure)

Definition:

  • Studied 60 babies from working-class families in Glasgow.
  • Visited monthly for around 18 months.
  • Mothers reported separation anxiety and stranger anxiety.
9
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Term: Schaffer and Emerson (Findings)

Definition:

  • Attachments developed in stages.
  • Most babies formed primary attachment by 7 months.
  • Multiple attachments formed shortly after primary attachment.
10
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Term: Grossman (Aim)

Definition:

  • Investigated the role of fathers in attachment development.
11
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Term: Grossman (Procedure)

Definition:

  • Conducted a longitudinal study.
  • Observed children and parents over time.
  • Examined quality of later relationships.
12
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Term: Grossman (Findings)

Definition:

  • Father’s play behaviour linked to attachment quality in adolescence.
  • Fathers often have a play and stimulation role.
13
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Term: Field (Aim)

Definition:

  • Investigated whether fathers can act as primary attachment figures.
14
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Term: Field (Procedure)

Definition:

  • Observed primary caregiver fathers, secondary caregiver fathers and mothers interacting with infants.
  • Compared caregiving behaviours.
15
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Term: Field (Findings)

Definition:

  • Primary caregiver fathers behaved similarly to mothers.
  • Fathers can act as primary attachment figures when they are the main caregiver.
  • Suggests caregiving behaviour is more important than gender.