Practical 2 Phylogeny

Superorder Lepidosauria includes orders

Rhynchocephalia and Squamata

Order Rhynchocephalia includes

Sphenodontidae (Tuataras)

Squamata includes superfamilies

Gekkota, Lacertoidea, Scincomorpha, Serpentes, Anguimorpha, Pleurodonta, Acrodonta

Gekkota includes families

Sphaerodactylidae and Gekkonidae

Sphaerodactylidae is

dwarf geckos

Gekkonidae is

spectacled geckos

Lacertoidea includes families

Teiidae and Rhineuridae

Teiidae is

whiptails, racerunners, and tegus

Rhineuridae is

worm lizards

Rhineuridae is in Clade

Amphisbaenia

Scincomorpha includes family

Scincidae

Scincidae is

skinks

Serpentes includes families

Typhlopidae, Pythonidae, Boidae, Colubridae, Dipsadidae, Natricidae, Elapidae, Viperidae

Typhlopidae is

blind snakes

Pythonidae is

pythonsBo

Boidae is

boas

Colubridae is

colubrid snakes

Dipsadidae is

rear-fanged snakesN

Natricidae is

garter snakes and water snakes

Elapidae is

coral snakes, cobras, and sea snakes

Viperidae is

vipers and pit vipers

Colubridae, Dipsadidae, Natricidae, Elapidae, and Viperidae are in Clade

Colubroidea

Superfamily Anguimorpha includes families

Anguidae and Varanidae

Anguidae is

glass lizards

Varanidae is

monitor lizards

Clade Iguania includes Superfamilies

Pleurodonta and AcrodontaP

Superfamily Pleurodonta includes families

Dactyloidae, Phryonsomatidae, Iguanidae, Leiocephalidae

Dactyloidae is

anoles

Phyrnosomatidae is

fence lizards, horned lizards

Iguanidae is

iguanas

Leiocephalidae is

curly-tailed lizards

Superfamily Acrodonta includes families

Chamaeleonidae and Agamidae

Chamaeleonidae is

chameleons

Agamidae is

agamas and dragon lizards

Superorder Archosauria includes orders

Crocodylia, Testudines, Aves

Order Crocodylia includes families

Alligatoridae, Crocodylidae, Gavialidae

Family Alligatoridae includes subfamilies

Alligatorinae, Caimaninae

Order Testudines includes families

Cheloniidae, Dermochelyidae, Chelydridae, Kinosternidae, Trionychidae, Emydidae, Testudinidae

Cheloniidae is

sea turtles

Dermochelyidae is

leatherbacks

Chelydridae is

snapping turtles

Kinosternidae is

mud turtles and musk turtles

Trionychidae is

soft shelled turtles

Emydidae is

box and water turtles

Testudinidae is

tortoises

Clade Aves includes Clade

Neornithes (modern birds)

Clade Neornithes includes clades

Palaeognathae and Neognathae

Palaeognathae is

“Ratities”, ostrich, rhea, kiwis, emus, Tinamous

Clade Neognathae includes Superorders

Galloanserae and Neoaves

Superorder Galloanserae includes orders

Galliformes and Anseriformes

Galliformes is

turkeys, chickens, peafowl, grouse

Anseriformes is

waterfowl, ducks, geese

Passeriformes is

perching birds

Charadriiformes is

Shorebirds, sandpipers, plovers, gulls, skimmers

Piciformes is

woodpeckers, toucans

Gruiformes is

Marsh birds, rails, coots, gallinules

Coraciiformes

Kingfishers, hornbills

Pelecaniformes is

pelicans, herons, egrets, bitterns

Caprimulgiformes is

Night-jars, goatsuckers

Suliformes is

Cormorants, anhingas, boobies

Psittaciformes is

parrots, macaws

Apodiformes is

swifts, hummingbirds

Accipitriformes is

hawks, eagles, osprey

Procellariiformes

albatrosses, petrels

Cuculiformes is

cuckoos, road-runners

Strigiformes

owls, barn owls

Columbiformes

pigeons, doves

Falconiformes

falcons, caracaras

Trogoniformes

trogons, quetzals

Podicipediformes

grebes

Ciconiiormes

storks

Sphenisciformes is

penguins

Cathartiformes is

NW vultures, condors

Phoenicopteriformes is

flamingos

Gaviiformes is

loons

Phaethontiformes is

tropicbirds

Class Mammalia includes Subclasses

Prototheria and Theria

Subclass Prototheria includes Order

Monotremata

Monotremata is

echidnas and platypuses

Subclass Theria includes Infraclasses

Metatheria and Eutheria

Infraclass Metatheria includes Clade

Marsupialia

Clade Marsupialia includes Orders

Didelphimorphia and Diprotodontia

Didelphimorphia is

opossums

Diprotodontia is

kangaroos, possums, wallabies, koalas

Infraclass Eutheria includes Orders

Primates, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Pholidota, Chiroptera, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, Cingulata, Pilosa, Tubulidentata, Proboscidea, Sirenia

Order Primates includes infraorders

Lemuriformes and Simiiformes

Lemuriformes is

Lemurs, bushbabies, lorises

Simiiformes is

monkeys, apes

Rodentia includes families

Sciuridae, Castoridae, Caviidae, Muridae, Geomyidae, Erethizontidae

Sciuridae is

squirrels, chipmunks

Castoridae is

beavers

Caviidae is

guinea pigs, cavies, capybara, maras

Geomyidae is

gophers

Erethizontidae is

NW porcupines

Muridae is

true mice and rats

Lagomorpha is

rabbits, hares, pikas

Pholidota is

pangolins

Chiroptera includes families

Pteropodidae, Vespertillionidae, Molosidae

Pteropodidae is

Megabats

Vespertillionidae is

Evening bats