8.27 Acid Naming, Polyatomic Ions, and Ionic/Naming Rules (Review Flashcards)

A set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering binary vs. oxyacids, polyatomic ions, naming conventions, and related formulas as discussed in the lecture notes.

Binary acid

An acid composed of hydrogen and a single nonmetal; named with hydro- at the start (e.g., HCl = hydrochloric acid).

Hydro- prefix

Prefix used in the name of binary acids to indicate hydrogen with one nonmetal; not used for oxyacids.

Oxyacid

An acid containing hydrogen and a polyatomic oxyanion; its name derives from the polyatomic ion and typically ends in -ic or -ous depending on the base ion.

Polyatomic ion

A charged group of two or more atoms that acts as a single unit in compounds (e.g., NO3−, SO4 2−, CO3 2−).

-ate form (acid naming)

If the polyatomic ion ends with -ate, the corresponding oxyacid name ends with -ic (e.g., sulfate → sulfuric acid).

-ite form (acid naming)

If the polyatomic ion ends with -ite, the corresponding oxyacid name ends with -ous (e.g., sulfite → sulfurous acid).

Hypochlorite

Oxyanion ClO−; its acid form is hypochlorous acid; part of the hypochlorite/chlorite/chlorate/perchlorate series.

Chlorite

ClO2−; its acid form is chlorous acid.

Chlorate

ClO3−; its acid form is chloric acid.

Perchlorate

ClO4−; its acid form is perchloric acid.

Crisscross method

Technique for building formulas of ionic compounds by balancing charges: cross the charges to become subscripts and use parentheses for polyatomic ions.

Roman numeral nomenclature (Stock system)

Uses Roman numerals to show the oxidation state of multivalent metals in salts; exceptions include Group 1 & 2 elements and some metals (e.g., Al, Sc, Zn, Ag) where numerals are not required.

Ammonium

NH4+; a common polyatomic cation used in salts (e.g., ammonium nitrate).

Nitrate

NO3−; a polyatomic anion that forms salts with various cations.

Sulfate

SO4 2−; a polyatomic anion; forms sulfuric acid when paired with H+. Asian note: important in oxyacid naming (sulfuric acid).

Sulfite

SO3 2−; a polyatomic anion; forms sulfurous acid with hydrogen.

Bicarbonate

HCO3−; hydrogen carbonate; formed by adding hydrogen to carbonate; commonly seen in salts like calcium bicarbonate.

Calcium bicarbonate

Ca(HCO3)2; salt formed from calcium and bicarbonate; bicarbonate is derived from carbonate with a hydrogen added.

Phosphorus pentoxide

P2O5; oxide of phosphorus; example of a compound name using -pentoxide.

Monoxide

An oxide containing one oxygen atom (e.g., carbon monoxide, CO).

Dioxide

An oxide containing two oxygen atoms (e.g., carbon dioxide, CO2).