botany final

write a scientific name of any organism

Homo sapiens

Horses and donkeys are not considered a species though looking very similar, but chichuauas and great danes are.

Is it possible that horses and donkeys belong to the same speices? Why or why not?

No. They cannot reproduce their own kind because of the interbreeding species concept (isolated reproduction). The offsprings are not fertile.

define species

a group of organisms that look alike, can reproduce, and offsprings can reproduce

using an example, explain why the use of common names to describe organisms could cause confusion?

Common names can apply to more than one organism. One might be toxic and one delicious. Confusing the two could cause problems

describe using an example the process of remediation?

sunflower can absorb and metabolize fuel oil out of soil and make it nontoxic. they use it for energy

describe using an example the process of biological control?

Bacillus thuringiensis → poision that protects tomatos by killing tomato hornworm

describe the symbiotic relationship and example: parasitism

one benefits, the other is harmed. ex: tick on a dog

describe the symbiotic relationship and example: mutualism

both benefits. ex: bees and flowers

describe the symbiotic relationship and example: commensalism

one benefits, other is not harmed or helped. ex: spanish moss and oak tree

what is the difference between obligate and facultative mutualism?

obligate HAS to live in the relationship. faculatative doesn’t have to live the relationship (independent)

what is meant by the term ‘nitrogen fixing baxteria’?

why are nitrogen-fixing bacteria important to Earth’s ecosystems?

Every organism on the plant has to have nitrogen for biological processes

define and give example for single celled organism

organism containing a single cell. ex: bacteria

define and give example for colonial organism

an organism consisting of many cells, ALL identical. ex: Volvox

define and give example for multicellular organism

organism consisting of many cells; differentiate (divide up jobs); ex: humans

define and give example for biofilm

single cell organisms living together acting as one; ex: plaque on teeth

explain what is meant when Lynn Margulis’ Theory of Endosymbiosis is called a theory

best explanation of all of the data

what criteria is used to classify the Kingdom Fungi at the phylum level?

how they reproduce sexually

give 4 advantages that a seed has as adaptations for life on land?

1. protective coat on outside

2. nutrition for the embryo

3. allows the seed/plant to travel away from the mother plant

4. allows plant to go dormant and wait for better conditions

what is a seed?

device for holding the embryo

what is a fruit and example?

mature ovary of a flower. ex: strawberry, tomato, apple

what is vegetable and example?

any other part of the plant you eat. ex: carrot, lettuce

label 1 and function

petal: attract pollenator; color determines normally what pollentator can see

label 2 and function

calyx/sepal: leaf like structure; protects developing flower bud

label 3 and explain

stigma: female; sticky pad to collect pollen

label 4 and explain

style: solid column of tissue that connects ovary to the stigma

label 5 and explain

ovules: matures into seed if fertilized

label 6 and explain

anther: where meiosis occurs to produce spores (pollen); male

label 7 and explain

supports anther; male

what are 5 characteristics specific to the plant kingdom?

1. alternation of generation

2. cellulose cell wall

3. waxy cuticle/stomata

4. cell plate

5. store energy as starch

name, sketch, and label a basic plant life cycle

look at notes (test 2 question 58)