SCLA 102 Exam 2

What was the primary reason the American colonists revolted against the British?

Freedom from British taxes

What did the Stamp Act tax?

Taxed paper goods, all printed media

What was the significance of the battle of Saratoga?

Americans captured large number of British troops in surprise victory, proved American morale and won support from France and other foreign countries.

What were the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party?

Boston Massacre - British guards killed 5 Americans by opening fire on a crowd in Boston Customs House

Boston Tea Party - 1773 protest against British taxes colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into the Boston Harbor.

What three rights does Thomas Jefferson say are inalienable in the Declaration of Independence?

Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

What was the Miracle at Philadelphia?

The story of the session in 1787 that saw the writing of the constitution of the United States.

How was the Big States vs. Small States conflict resolved at the Constitutional Convention

conflict was resolved by establishing House of Representatives, apportioned by populations, the senate represented states equally

How was the Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist conflict resolved at the Constitutional Convention?

Federalists agreed to add amendments to the Constitution, James Madison introduced 12 amendments in 1789 10 of which were ratified by the states in 1791 known as the Bill of Rights

Which Amendment of the US Constitution protects freedom of speech?

First Amendment protects freedom of speech and religion

Which Amendment provides for the separation of church and state?

First Amendment protects freedom of religion, separation of religion and state

The 5th Amendment protects citizens from "double jeopardy." What is double jeopardy?

Double jeopardy means you cannot be tried for the same crime twice

What is "eminent domain"?

the power of the government to take private property and make it public use

Which Amendment gives citizens the right to bear arms?

Second Amendment gives citizens the right to bear arms

What does the 9th Amendment mean?

9th Amendment means equal protection of enumerated and unenumerated rights, certain rights of citizens written or not have to be protected

What does the 10th Amendment mean?

the federal government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution

Know some of the major examples Frederick Douglass gives in his Narrative to show the dehumanization of slavery

female slaves were treated as sex objects for white masters

animals like horses were treated better than slaves

killing a slave was morally equivalent to killing a farm animal

slave children are fed as if they are pigs

fruit is cherished more highly than the pain and hunger of slaves

slavery also destroys the character of the slave owner

Know the two major episodes in the life of Douglass that empowered him to overcome the dehumanization of slavery

education and consciousness - being taught to read and reading about human rights and slavery

fighting back - the will and courage to oppose injustice

What did Sandy Jenkins give Douglass to help prevent beatings?

Sandy Jenkins gave Douglass a "magic" tree root from the forest that was said to prevent a slave from being whipped

What was it about the treatment of his grandmother that infuriated Douglass?

She was tossed aside after being given to strangers, left to die alone in the woods

Why did William Lloyd Garrison apologize to his readers?

apologized for supporting the idea that freed slaves in the US be sent away to Africa. American Colonization Society

Where did the American Civil War officially start?

the Civil War started in Fort Sumter, South Carolina in 1861

How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act lead to greater conflict between the North and the South?

raised possibility that slavery could be extended into territories where it had once been banned

Which invention resulted in greater slavery in the antebellum South?

Eli Whitney's cotton gin

Which book was instrumental in increasing hostility between the North and the South?

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Who was John Brown and what role did he play in increasing friction between the North and the South?

a militant American abolitionist whose raid on federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry made him a martyr (killed for what he believed in)

Who was Dred Scott and what was his role in the history leading to the Civil War?

a slave and social activist, his case went to supreme court prior to civil war, Dred Scott v. Stanford

According to the article "Why Do Women Leave Engineering," why do women leave the field of engineering at higher rates than men?

Women feel overlooked in team-based projects. Unsupportive workplace.

Which two women organized the convention in Seneca Falls in 1848. Read their Declaration

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

Know the plot and characters of the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin. What serves as a major symbol in the narrative.

Plot - Louise has heart problem, receives news that her husband is killed in an accident.

Characters - Louise Mallard, Brently Mallard, Josephine, Richards

Symbolism - spring new beginnings, open window freedom

Why is the final sentence of Chopin's story ironic?

Mrs. Mallard's death was ironic because she died of shock or extreme disappointment not joy of seeing her husband was alive.

What was the final battle of the American Revolution?

Battle of Yorktown

According to Professor Malone’s lecture on the Civil War, what were the 3 significant results of that conflict?

It ended slavery. It made the U.S. a singular noun rather than a plural one. It ended our national cognitive dissonance and moved us closer to fulfilling the Enlightenment principles the nation adopted.