Anatomy Lab 1

standing erect with feet together, upper limbs at the sides and palms facing forward (anteriorly)

describe anatomical position (position of feet, limbs, palms)

coronal/frontal plane

cross section along z plane (front & back)

median (midsagittal) plane

cross section along y plane exactly at the midline (left & right)

sagittal plane

cross section along y plane (left & right)

what type of cross section: transverse (horizontal/axial) plane

cross section along x plane (top & bottom)

superior (cranial or cephalic); inferior (caudal)

towards the head; towards the feet

anterior (ventral); posterior (dorsal)

towards the stomach; towards the back

towards the middle; towards the side

medial; lateral

closer to the center of the body or point of attachment; farther from the center of the body or point of attachment (fingertips—wrist— elbow)

proximal; distal (elbow is proximal to wrist, fingertips are distal to elbow)

closer to the surface; closer to the body’s core

superficial; deep

internal, external

inside; outside

same side of the midline; opposite side of the midline

ipsilateral; contralateral

term that refers to the decrease in the angle between bones, bending the joint and bringing body parts closer together

flexion

term that refers to the increase in the angle between bones, straightening the joint to move them apart

extension

flexion/extension vs abduction/adduction

flexion/extension occurs along the sagittal plane; abduction/adduction occurs at the midline

term that refers to moving a limb away from the body’s midline (e.g. raising arms sideways)

abduction

term that refers to moving a limb toward the body’s midline (e.g. brining arms to the sides)

adduction

circumduction

occurs at a single joint at which flexion, abduction, extension, adduction, medial rotation, and lateral rotation are all possible (hip, shoulder)

supination & pronation

unique to forearm; refers to rotating palm up and down

inversion & eversion

unique to feet; inward and outward turning of the sole of the foot

dorsiflexion & plantar flexion: location + movement

unique to feet; upward and downward movement/pointing of the foot

elevation & depression

upward (superior) and downward (inferior) movements of body parts (lifting/dropping shoulders)

protraction & retraction

unique to scapula; forward (spread apart) and backward (squeeze together) movements

opposition & reposition: location + movements

unique to thumb; movement of thumb to fingers and back to anatomical position

synarthrose joints/articulations

immovable joints

amphiarthrose joints/articulations

semi-movable joints

diarthrose joints/articulations

freely movable joints

ball/knee condyle have convex surfaces; socket/depression have concave surfaces

differences in shape: ball/knee condyle & socket/depression