Endocrine System Physiology

The Endocrine System

Made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones,

chemical messengers

2.Regulation of growth, metabolism, sexual development

3.Responses to stress and injury

4.Maintains homeostasis

Endocrine

secretions inside the body

Exocrine

secretions outside the body

Negative Feedback System

When the levels go above or below a SET POINT, the

endocrine system secretes hormones to lower or raise the

level

Prolactin or PRL

PRL stimulates milk production from a woman's

breasts after childbirth

Growth hormone or GH

GH stimulates growth in

childhood

- important for maintaining a

healthy body composition.

- also important for

maintaining muscle mass and

bone mass

Adrenocorticotropin or ACTH

ACTH stimulates

production of cortisol by the adrenal gland

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone or TSH

TSH stimulates

the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormones, which, in turn,

control/regulate the body's metabolism, energy, growth and

development, and nervous system activity

Luteinizing Hormone or LH

regulates testosterone

in men and estrogen in women (gonadotropin)

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone or FSH

FSH promotes sperm

production in men and stimulates the ovaries to release eggs (ovulate) in

women. LH and FSH work together to allow normal function of the

ovaries or testes

Thyroxine (T4) & Triiodothyronine (T3)

both increase the rate at which cells

release energy from carbohydrates

Calcitonin

regulates the blood

concentration of calcium

BMR

how many

calories the body must consume to

maintain life

Goiter

enlargement of the thyroid

Aldosterone

helps

kidneys conserve sodium

and excrete potassium,

maintaining blood

pressure

Cortisol

keeps blood

glucose levels stable,

response to stress

Glucagon

stimulates the

liver to break down glycogen,

raises blood sugar

Insulin

decreases blood

sugar concentrations, affects

the uptake of glucose by cells

Type I Diabetes

juvenile onset diabetes,

often caused by immune disorder

that destroys pancreatic cells

Type II Diabetes

mature onset diabetes,

often individuals are overweight,

may be controlled with diet

Diabetes Insipidus

an uncommon condition that occurs

when the kidneys are unable to

conserve water

Thymus Gland

large in young children, gradually shrinks

with age, secretes thymosins, important to immune function

Gonadotropin

include any hormone that affect the gonads