Purposive Communication

For Jen's Midterm Exam in Purposive Communication

PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION (12)

·         to inform or record

·         to cascade information

·         for compliance

·         to seek information

·         to write specifications

·         to achieve a standard

·         to write reports and recommendations

·         to promote services

·         to engage interest and involve people

·         to get the right results

·         to sell

·         to support customers

HOW DO WE SEND THESE MESSAGES? (6)

·         Reports

·         Emails

·         Memorandums

·         Letter Replies

·         Business Proposals

·         Presentations

TYPES OF NOISE (6)

·         Technical Jargons

·         Incorrect Grammar

·         Inappropriate Medium

·         Inflammatory Words

·         Words that conflict with body

·         Language

HOW DO WE MINIMIZE NOISE?

CIU

CIS

CII

CIP

CISNAP

A system of communication or arbitrary vocal sounds by means of which human beings are used to communicate and interact with each other in their everyday life.

LANGUAGE

FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE (8)

LIVVAS

LID

LIS

LISOS

LIM

LIA

LIC

LIC

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION (9)

Body Language

Appearance

Facial Expression

Eye contact

Smile

Posture

Gestures

Clothing and accessories

Energy

refers to the way one stands, sits, and walks. The position of hands and legs and other parts of the body reveals not only an individual’s state of mind.

Posture

play a significant role in making the intent of the communication effective and content productive.

Gestures

\---------- and enthusiasm as an aspect of body language is hard to describe, but most people have experienced the impact of a person with a high level of energy.

Energy

very important aspect of body language. It requires judgement to make a subtle impression by what you wear.

Clothing and accessories

* is a process of making connections with people through verbal or nonverbal approach.
* is natural to humans. It is our ability as feeling, thinking and socializing beings.
* is generally defined as the exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and views between two or more people, various contexts come into play

COMMUNICATION

MODE

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

VISUAL COMMUNICATION

It is the circumstance or environment in which communication takes place.

CONTEXT

practice of graphically representing information to efficiently, effectively create meaning.

VISUAL COMMUNICATION

ELEMENTS OF CONTEXT

Physical or Actual Setting

Value positions of a speaker/listener

Relevance or appropriateness of message conveyed

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION (5)

* Intrapersonal Communication
* Interpersonal Communication
* Intercultural Communication
* Group Communication
* Organizational Communication

·         Set of rules or guidelines

·         Theories as to right or wrong

ETHICS

is the notion that an individual’s group’s behavior are governed by their morals which in turn affects communication. Generally speaking, communication ethics deals with the moral good present in any form of human communication.

ETHICAL COMMUNICATION

BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION (4)

·         Wrong choice of medium

·         Physical Barrier (Noise, Time & Distance)

·         Semantic Barriers (Interpretation, Bypassed instructions & Connotations and Denotation)

·        Socio-psychological Barriers (Attitudes and Opinions, Emotions, Closed Mind, Status- Conciousness, Source of Information, Faulty Transmission, Poor Retention)

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION (10)

·         Clarity of message

·         Speed

·         Two-way Process

·         Reliability

·         Completeness

·         Content

·         Accuracy

·         Capability

·        Economy

·         Secrecy

GATEWAYS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION (6)

·         Two-way Channel

·         Clarity of Message

·         Mutual Trust

·         Timely Message

·         Consistency of Message

·  Good Relations

7 CS OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

CLARITY

COMPLETENESS

CONCISENESS

CONSIDERATION

COURTESY

CORRECTNESS

CONCRETNESS

*        Any external or internal communication that happens within the business organization.

\
*          Formal or informal

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

* Characterized by the use of formal communication channels such as presentations, meeting, email messages, resumes and others

\
* Governed by protocols, rules, structure and politeness

FORMAL COMMUNICATION

TYPES OF FORMAL COMMUNICATION

·         DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION

·         UPWARD COMMUNICATION

·         HORIZONTAL / LATERAL COMMUNICATION



·         CONSENSUS

·         Often called grapevine; runs in all directions

·         Generally less bound by rules and protocols

·         Water cooler conversations in hallways

·         Patterns of interaction based on personal relationships

INFORMAL COMMUNICATION

TYPES OF INFORMAL COMMUNICATION (4)

* Single chain
* Star chain
* Cluster chain
* Probability chain

a means of communicating. According to the New London Group, there are five modes of communication: visual, linguistic, spatial, aural, and gestural.

\
a socially and culturally shaped resource for making meaning. E.g. color, gaze, gestures etc.

\
are not autonomous and fixed, but, created through social processes, are fluid and subject to change.

MODE

TYPES OF MODE (5)

Visual

Aural

Gestural

Linguistic

Spatial

The channel or system through which communications are conveyed.

MEDIUM

Shows different ways of knowledge representations and meaning making and investigates contributions of semiotic resources.



Interaction and integration in constructing a coherent message.

MULTIMODALITY

      Refers to the means of interactions among people in which they create, share, and/or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks.



      It refers to the web-based and mobile communication applications that lets people interact with each other and build networks.

SOCIAL MEDIA

ADVANTAGES OF SOCIAL MEDIA

·         Reach large audiences

·         Have a direct connection with your audience

·         Can create organic content

·         Have access to paid advertising services

·         Build your brand

·         Drive traffic to your website

·         Can evaluate your performance

·         Can join social media networks for free

·         Can create viral content

·         Can uncover valuable insights

DISADVANTAGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA

·         Can receive negative feedback

·         Open up the potential for embarrassment

·         Open to cyber activities such as cyber bullying, cybercrime, cybersex, etc.

ADVANTAGES



\-       Connectivity



\-       Lowered cost and increased speed of transaction



\-       Efficiency and immediacy among workers

DISADVANTAGES



\-       Distorted truth



\-       Liability burden



\-       Security and Compliance

SOCIAL MEDIA GUIDELINES

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS

\-       CUSTOMER & CLIENTS

\-       EMPLOYEES

\-       MEDIA

DISCLOSE

PROTECT

USE COMMON SENSE

Refer to highly interactive digital technology. These are easily processed, stored, transformed, retrieved, hyper-linked, searched for, and accessed.

NEW MEDIA

TYPES OF DISCOURSE

CMC IS VERNACULAR

CMC IS INTERPERSONAL

CMC IS SPONTANEOUS

CMC IS DIALOGICAL

Meaning of CMC

Computer—mediated communication

ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE NEW MEDIA (3)

BREVITY

MULTIMODALITY

IDEOLOGICALLY-MOTIVATED

CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE (5)

·         Cultures are learned, not innate

·         Cultures are shared



·         Cultures are multifaceted



·         Cultures are dynamic



·         Cultural identities are overlapping

CULTURE

“communities of people with uniquely shared communication characteristics, perceptions, values, beliefs, and practices. Shared practices, ethnicity, and language serve as indicators for the cultural group (Liu, et.al. 2022, para. 10

“rules and standards that are understood by members of a group, and that guide or constrain social behaviour without the force of law”

SOCIAL NORMS

  Is a form of cultural exchange in which one group assumes the beliefs, practices, and rituals of another group without sacrificing the characteristics of its own culture.

CULTURAL INTEGRATION

CULTURAL ASSIMILATION

Occurs when members of one cultural group adopt the language, practices, and beliefs of another group, often losing aspects of their traditional culture in the process. Multiculturalism is the cultural diversity is encouraged and valued as beneficial to society.

Refers to the process by which individuals may take on values and beliefs of the host culture and accommodate them in the public sphere while maintaining the parent culture in the private sphere.

CULTURAL ACCOMODATION

SEPERATION

When one cultural group refuses to interact or join the dominant culture. The members are often known as outsiders

Describe the phenomenon of the world’s culture shrinking and expanding at the same time due to persuasive technological advances that allow for instantaneous sharing of culture.

GLOBAL VILLAGE (MARSHALL MCLUHAN, 1964)

The verbal and nonverbal interaction between people from different cultural backgrounds wherein people create shared meanings.

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

WORLD ENGLISHED

Coined by Celce Murcia (2014)

The phenomenon in which English is adapted to fit regional or national cultures

People use a regional variety of English with its specific grammar, structure, and vocabulary to affirm their own national or ethnic identity (e.g. Senatoriable, congressman, chancing, bedspacer)

EXTREME 1: THE GOAL OF NATIONAL OR REGIONAL IDENTITY

EXTREME 2: THE GOAL OF INTELLIGIBILITY

Users of a regional variety should still be readily understood by users of English everywhere else in the world to fully participate in the use of English as international language. (i.e. bin & trash can; lift & elevator)

LANGUAGE VARIETIES

* Also called ‘lects’
* Different variants of Language that can be sufficiently delimited from one another in terms of social, historical, or geo-spatial factors, thus forming language clusters.

A new language that develops into situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate but do not share a common language.

PIDGIN

It is a pidgin that becomes the first language of the children and mother tongue of a certain community.

CREOLE

It is not a language that is distinct from a national language, but a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country.

REGIONAL DIALECT

Used as marker of identity, usually alongside a standard variety, by the members of a particular minority group.

MINORITY DIALECT

Spoken mainly as second languages in former colonies with multiple populations.

INDIGENIZED VARIETIES

LANGUAGE REGISTERS

Characterized by the way a speaker uses language differently in different social circumstances.

\
Determined by factors as social atmosphere, purpose of communication, audience, and the general context of the discourse

CLASSIFICATION OF LANGUAGE REGISTER (5)

FORMAL

CASUAL

INTIMATE

FROZEN

CONSULTATIVE

Used in conversations when people are speaking with someone who has specialized knowledge or is offering advice.

CONSULTATIVE

Refers to historic language that is intended to remain unchanged. i.e Philippine Constitution and the Holy Bible

FROZEN

Reserved for special occasions, usually between only two people and often in private. i.e inside joke between two high school friends

INTIMATE

Used when communicating with friends, closer acquaintances, colleagues, and family members. i.e. birthday parties and family gatherings.

CASUAL

Used in professional, academic, or legal settings where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained to specific rules, i.e. research paper, government documents, business letters.

FORMAL

HOW TO COMMUNICATE IN A MULTICULTURE SETTING

      Refrain from forming expectations based solely on your culture.



      Remove your personal biases or any stereotype that may impede understanding



      Make a personal commitment to develop communication skills appropriate in multicultural settings.

Title of Module 1

INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION

Title of Module 2

COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO MODE, CONTEXT, PURPOSE AND STYLE

Title of Module 3

COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES, PROCESSES, AND ETHICS

Title of Module 4

COMMUNICATION MODES

Title of Module 5

COMMUNICATION IN SOCIAL MEDIA

Title of Module 6

COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION

Title of Module 7

VARIETIES AND REGISTERS OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE