Biology Ch.4- Cell Structure and Function

SEMs

________ direct a beam of electrons back and forth across a surface of metal- coated specimens causing electrons and x- rays to be emitted that are converted to an image of the specimens surface.

Peroxisomes

________: hold enzymes which digest fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide.

Lipid bilayer

________: oily boundary that prevents the free passage of water- soluble substances across it.

Carotenoids

________: red or yellow color to attract pollinating animals.

Proteins

________ are embedded to carry out functions.

Sticky polysaccarides

________ help cells attach to surfaces.

Ribosomes

________ are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm.

TEMs

________ pass electrons through the specimen to provide images of internal details.

movement of substances

The outer membranes are a boundary where cells control the ________ to and from the cytoplasm.

Skeleton

________: anything that forms a framework.

cyanobacteria

Many bacteria have plasma membrane infoldings that are photosynthetic as do the ________.

Strengthen

________ and maintain the shape of cells and cel parts.

Transmission

________ and scanning electron microscopes (TEM and SEM) use magnetic lenses to bend and diffract beams of electrons to resolve details that are 100, 000 times smaller than seen with light microscopes.

Lipids

________ are assembled.

Thylakoid

________: actual site of photosynthesis within chloroplasts.

Polypeptide

________ (proteins) chains are modified into final proteins.

Lysosomes

________: bud from Golgi bodies and participate in intracellular digestion using hydrolytic enzymes.

Smooth ER

________: makes lipids, breaks down fatty acids, degrades toxins, and functions in muscles contractions.

Rough ER

________: has ribosomes attached; where proteins are made.

bacterial chromosomes

The ________ is a single, circular DNA molecule '; other smaller circles of DNA called plasmids are presents in some bacteria.

DNA

Chromosome: double- stranded ________ and protiens.

Microscopes

________ use waves of light to make images.

Inner membrane

________ is bathed in a semifluid matrix called nucleoplasm and has attachments to anchor DNA and keep them organized.

Cell

________ is the smallest unit of organization that still displays the properties of life.

Cell

smallest unit with the properties of life

Lipid bilayer

oily boundary that prevents the free passage of water-soluble substances across it

-

Receptors or transporters

-

Form pore complexes where stuff passes

Chromosome

double-stranded DNA and protiens

Rough ER

has ribosomes attached; where proteins are made

Smooth ER

makes lipids, breaks down fatty acids, degrades toxins, and functions in muscles contractions

Lysosomes

bud from Golgi bodies and participate in intracellular digestion using hydrolytic enzymes

Peroxisomes

hold enzymes which digest fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide

-

Own DNA

-

Divide on their own

Chloroplast

photosynthesis

Thylakoid

actual site of photosynthesis within chloroplasts

Chlorophylls

most abundant; reflect green light

-

Not chlorophylls

Carotenoids

red or yellow color to attract pollinating animals

Primary Wall

composed of pectin, glue-like polysaccharides and cellulose to form a stiick substance cementing abutting cells together

Secondary Wall

reinforces cell shape

Skeleton

anything that forms a framework

-

Organized system of protein filaments that extends between the nucleus and plasma membrane

-

Reinforce, organized, and move cell parts

-

Largest

-

Help keep organelles and cell structures in place or move them to new locations

-

Thinnest

-

Anchor membranes proteins and components of muscle contraction

-

Useful for cancer diagnosis

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Move chromosomes, slide, microtubules over each other, inside nerve cells

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"false feet"