Intro to cells - cell bio

all cells contain

water and similar chemicals

cell theory (3 theories)

all organisms are composed of one or more cells

the cell is the structural unit of life

cells can only arise from a pre-existing cell

differentiation

different cells arise due to the process of differentiation

developmental differentiation

genes are activated at different stages to allow for developmental differentiation

why is a virus not a cell?

it cannot create energy

elements of a prokaryotic cell include

unicellular, very simple structure, usually bonded by a cell wall, includes all bacteria

eukaryotes are

all organisms other than the bacteria

eukaryote cell is divided into

cytoplasm and nucleus

where are the membrane-bound organelles suspended in a eukaryotic cell

intracellular fluid (cytosol)

diff between pro/eu cells - nucleus

p - absent e - present

diff between pro/eu cells - cell size

p - much smaller e - much larger

diff between pro/eu cells - DNA shape

p - circular e - linear

diff between pro/eu cells - organelles

p - no membrane-bound organelles e - has membrane bound organelles

diff between pro/eu cells - ribosomes

p - smaller size 70S e - bigger size 80S

diff between pro/eu cells - cell wall

p - present and complex e - present only in plants/fungi

diff between pro/eu cells - organisms

p - bacteria, archaea e - animals, plants, fungi, protists

organelle definition

a specialised, sub-cellular structure that performs a specific function within a cell

nucleus function

DNA maintenance, RNA transcription

rough ER function

protein translation and folding

smooth ER function

lipid biosynthesis, detoxifies the cell

sarcoplasmic ER function

stores calcium in muscle cells

Golgi apparatus function

sorting and modification of proteins

mitochondrion function

energy production

vacuole function

storage, homeostasis

peroxisome function

breakdown of metabolic hydrogen peroxide, circular shaped

lysosome function

breakdown of large molecules (proteins/polysaccharides), irregular shaped

ribosomes function

site of protein synthesis

plasma (cell) membrane function and forms

barrier, homeostasis, communication and forms the lipid bilayer with proteins

cytoplasm

non-nuclear part of cell

cytosol

gel like content of the cytoplasm in which the organelles are suspended