All UK politics

How is class split in the uk

even, ab,de,c2 and 1/3 c1

what is c1

professional roles (middle class)

Votes in the 18-24 and 65+ category for 2024 labour and conservative

41 young,43 old

Ethnic minority groups voting 2024 for labour conservative

46,17

eexplain labour immigration announcement

Shabana mahmood, refugee status tempoary, leaked to media, speaker says undermines parliament, who holds government to account now?

ofcom, how many adults use socials as main soure of news

60

tony blair use of media

white working class national identity, created by a newsweek journalist, uses media and culture, cool brittania

explain grime 4 corbyn

highest youth turnout since 92, 64 perent of young voters, glastonbury, grime4corbyn tweeted more than labourmanifesto

explain brexit targeting scandal

cambridge analytica, vote leave, was it that deep?

83 con lab de vote split

33,41

age voting conservatives 83

all in the 40s

What can Jennifers ear teach us

Two girls, one private one public, Sun claims kinnock lied, embellishing of the truth, pathos broadcasts can backfire

legislation passed to affect sociological voting

elections act 2022

what percentage of de voters voted reform in 2024

17%

conservative class split 2024

26% of votes for ab and de

tory split 24

18-24,5 65+,43

reform vote split 24 based on ethnicity

15.3

name of study of voter behaviour

psephology

5 models of voter behaviour

sociological, spatial, rational, salient, valence

explain spatial model of voting

based on ideological position

explain rational model of voting

voters change preffered party based on factors they judge to be relevant

how was the economy 1983 election

sharp fall in inflation, over 3 million unemployed

3 promises of longest suicide note in history

abolition of the hol, nuclear disarmament, higher personal taxation

3 problems with the longest suicide note in history

undermine economic stability, national security, governing credibiility

3 long campaign contexts 1983

81 brixton riots, 1982 fawlkalnds war, monetarism, sdp = gang of 4 1981

2 short campaign events of 1983

manifesto, dissolution of parliament may 1983

3 media events of the 1983 election

michael foot cenotaph donkey jacket, wurzel gummage, the guardian compared it to battle of the somme

role of media in 83 election

Reinforcement More Than Conversion

how was the conservative 1983 campaign

leader centred, war, defence, presidential

impact of donkey jacket 83

scruffy, unpatriotic

impact of wurzel gummage charicature 83

eccentric, old fashioned

tory:labour:alliance vote percentage share 83

42:28:25

tory:labour:alliance seat share 83

397:209:23

economy in 97

Black Wednesday 92 damaged conservative reputation

3 elements of wider context for 97

sleaze eg cash for questions, 18 years of conservatives, new labour

labour manifesto 97

because britain deserves betterr, cautious, committing to tory spending for 2 years

1997 election manifesto tory

warning voters about labour with higher taces and union power

1997 short campaign 3 things

demon eye posters, mondeo man

explain the mondeo man

aimed at swing voters, prioritised economic stability

election outcomes 97 tory: labour: lib dem vote percentage

43:31:17

election outcomes 97 tory: labour: lib dem seat share

165:418:46

97 impact of media in a describing phrase

legitimising force rather than direct persuader

97 two media things

cool brittania, its the sun wot won it

explain its the sun wot won it

he Sun famously switched sides to support Labour in 1997

2010 economy

aftermath of financial crisis, budget deficit risen to around 10% of gdp

3 elements of wider context for 2010

expenses scandal 2009 , iraq war, hug a hoodie

explain the impact of the iraq war on the 2010 election

labour potentially misled parliament and public, 2005 lib dems pushed anti establishment progressive structure against iraq

explain the 2009 mp expenses scandal

claiming for personal expenses

explain david cameron hug a hoodie

compassionate approach to youth crime

2010 libdem manifesto

combined defecit reduction with political reform and progressive taxation

2010 conservative manifesto

fast fiscal consolidation, deficit reduction is test of conpetence

2010 labour manifestoc

gradual deficit reduction to protect public services

3 impacts of media 2010 election

cleggmania, bigotgate, newspapers

explain the impact of newspapers on the 2010 election

endorsed conservatives, reinforcing existing partisan cues

explain impact of bigotgate

emblematic of wider criticisms of leadership style, brown percieved as irritable and unscripted

explain cleggmania

appealed to disengaged young voters, brown saying “i agree with nick”

tory:labour: lib dem percentage vote 2010

36:29:23

tory:labour: lib dem seat share 2010

306:258:57

2017 3 bits of economy context

living standards stagnated following years of austerity, falling real wages, pressure on public services

2017 3 bits of wider context

brexit, snap election, corbyn leadership election

explain the corbyn leadership election and its impact on 2017 election

2016 qualified last minute, many mps did not support him but though ballot needed wide range, nobody thought he could win leading up

3 impact of media on 2017 election

girme 4 corbyn, refusal to speak at debates, daily mail

impact of media on corbyn study lse

2016, lse study claimed 75% of articles about corbyn in first few months of leadership distorted or failed to represent actual views

impact of brexit on 2017 election

fractured country, how brexit should be persued

importance of 2017 beign snap election

quest for personal authority

2017 conservative manifesto

dementia tax, social care reforms, loss of grey vote

2017 labour manifesto

higher public service spending, abolition of tuition fees, reduced ambiguity

2017 daily mail impact on election

13 pages of personal attacks on Jeremy Corbyn in just one edition.

tory:labour:lib dem vote percentage 2017

42:40:7

tory:labour:lib dem seat share 2017

317:262:12

2017 who did may form a coalition with

snp

snp seats won in election 2017

35

2 things that happened during the short campaign 2017

gateshead rally, manchester arena bombing

explain the importance of the gateshead rally 2017

10000 people came in rain to hear corbyn

explain importance of manchester arena bombinng 2017 election

mays record as home secratary, reduction in police numbers, questions of competence

explain shift in voting by race from

1997: 70 bme vote Labour → 2024: 46% labour

explain shift in voting by class

1997: Labour 61% (de) vs 31% (ab) → 2024: all social grade divided by less than 4 % according to yougov

explain shift in voting by age

1983: conservative 18-24 42, 55+ 47% → 2019 for every 10 years older a person is, likelhood of torie increases by 9 points

explain shift in voting by gender from

1997: one percentage point dividing main 3 parties → 2024: 12% 14-24 men vote reform, vs 6 women, main parties divided minimally

explain shift in voting by region

london 2024, 43% labour vs 25% in red wall

what did john curtice say about labour voting

london is now most pro labour part of country, and core voter is young first generation middle class professional

how many constitutions in the uk

650

3 advantages of fptp

stability, constituency link, extremist parties

3 disadvantages of fptp

disproportionate, wasted votes, not always majority strong

how does ams work

voters cast two votes, constituency seats use fptp, regional seats compensate parties harmed by fptp

3 advantages of ams

proportional, double representation, coalitions

3 disadvantages of ams

complex, coalitions, unequal legitimacy

two forms of representation with ams

local, regional

how does stv work

voters rank candidates in order of preference, droop formula

3 advantages of stv

more choice, encourages intra party competition, more proportional

3 disadvantages of stv

complex so spoilt ballots, coalitions, counting takes longer

how does sv work

mark first and second preference, top 2 first preference get compared on number of second

3 advantages of sv

broad appeal bc must win first and second, suits single office, simple

3 disadvantages of sv

disproportionate, tactical voting, two party system

3 arguements for referendums

legitimacy, boost participation, resolve controversies

3 arguements against referendums

oversimplification, populism, fractured population

4 uses of referendums

1998 ni, 2011 av, 2014 scotland, 2016 brexit

explain 98 ni referendum

81% turnout, 71% yes, good friday agreement

explain 2014 scotland referendum

85% turnout, 55% no