y11 human bio- SLO6
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14 Terms
Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
In the alveoli
What is diffusion?
The passive movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration
What is a concentration gradient?
A difference in concentration between two areas
How does oxygen move during gas exchange?
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood
How does carbon dioxide move during gas exchange?
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli
Why are alveoli efficient for gas exchange?
They have thin walls, large surface area, moist surfaces, good blood supply
Why is continuous ventilation important?
it maintains concentration gradients for efficient diffusion
Why is continuous bloodflow important gas exchange?
It constantly brings deoxygenated blood and removes oxygenated blood, maintaining concentration gradients
How does smoking reduce gas exchange efficiency?
It damages alveoli, destroys cilia, narrows airways and reduces oxygen transport.
How does asthma affect gas exchange?
Narrowed airways reduce airflow to alveoli
How does emphysema affect gas exchange?
Alveolar walls break down, reducing surface area
How does pneumonia affect gas exchange?
Fluid in the alveoli increases diffusion distance
How does high altitude affect gas exchange?
Lower oxygen levels reduce the concentration gradient for oxygen diffusion
How does vaping affect gas exchange?
It inflames airways, increases mucus production, and can damage lung tissue.