(1) Ch 34 – Vertebrate Evolution and Diversity

What are the five general characteristics of all chordates?

Notochord

Dorsal, Hollow Nerve Cord

Pharyngeal Slits

Muscular, Postanal Tail

Notochord

flexible rod of large, fluid filled cells encased in fibrous material  

Dorsal, Hollow Nerve Cord

developed from ectoderm and filled with spinal fluid

Pharyngeal Slits

pushes water from the mouth to exit without going through the digestive system

Muscular, Postanal Tail

tail extends past anus

subphylums in the chordate phylum

• Urochordata 

• Cephalochordata 

• Vertebrata

Which contains all five characteristics as an adult?

Cephalochordata and Vertebrata

Which contain all five characteristics only as a larva?

Urochordata

What is a neural crest?

• bones and cartilage of the skull

• Sensory capsules which develop into the eyes and other sense organs

What are the adaptations present in vertebrates?

Living Endoskeleton

Pharynx and Efficient Respiration

Advanced Nervous System

Paired Limbs

Paired Limbs

Increased movement

Advanced Nervous System

developed system for distance reception

Pharynx and Efficient Respiration

increased metabolic rate

Living Endoskeleton

better for larger animals 

How are vertebrates classified?

Jaws and two sets of paired appendages  

Teeth  

Lungs 

 Legs  

Amniotic Egg 

 Hair, feathers

Ovuliparity

female lays unfertilized eggs, which gets fertilized by the male 

Oviparous

lay eggs that hatch outside of the mother’s body 

Ovoviviparous

mother retains fertilized eggs, does not provide nourishment to the eggs 

Viviparous

young develop within mother’s uterus and receive nourishment (live birth)

Hagfish

produce slime, marine scavengers

Lamprey

Filter feeders, most are parasitic, migrates to freshwater

Class Chondrichthyes

Placoid scales

Osteichthyes

Ganoid, ctenoid, or cycloid scales

Class Chondrichthyes, Subclass Holocephali:

Lack scales

What is a lateral line system?

sensory organ used to detect vibrations and movements

What is Osteicthyes? What two classes has it been broken into?

Class: Sarcopterygii: lobe finned fishes

Class: Actinopterygii: ray finned fishes

What are lungfish?

Can survive dry conditions by estivating in mucus-lined burrow for up to 4 years

What are lobe-finned fish?

 Pectoral and pelvic fins made of rod-shaped bones surrounded by muscle

Superorder Elopomorpha

flat, ribbon-shaped, transparent larvae

Superorder Osteoglossomorpha

teeth on tongue