Organic qualitative analysis (MaChemGuy)
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13 Terms
Test and observation for an alkene
Add bromine water.
Bromine water decolourised
Test and observation for a chloroalkane
Add aqueous silver nitrate and ethanol
Warm to 50°C
White precipitate forms
Test and observation for a bromoalkane
Add aqueous silver nitrate and ethanol
Warm to 50°C
Cream precipitate forms
Test and observation for a iodoalkane
Add aqueous silver nitrate and ethanol
Warm to 50°C
Yellow precipitate forms
Test for a carbonyl (aldehyde/ketone)
Add 2,4-DNP
Orange precipitate forms
Test for an aldehyde
Add ammoniacal silver nitrate solution/Tollens'
Heat
Silver mirror forms
Test for primary and secondary alcohols
Add acidified dichromate(VI) ions
Heat
Orange to green colour change
Test for a carboxylic acid
Add sodium carbonate solution
Bubbles/effervescence
Test for a phenol
Add bromine
Bromine decolourised and a white precipitate forms
or
Test pH below 7 to show acidic
Add sodium carbonate and no bubbles should be produced
Test to confirm the identity of a carbonyl
Add 2,4-DNP
Purify precipitate by recrystallisation
Measure melting point of purified 2,4-DNP derivative
Compare to known data values
Description of a primary alcohol
Hydroxyl group is bonded to a C which has one carbon group and two hydrogens directly attached
Description of a secondary alcohol
Hydroxyl group is bonded to a C which has two carbon groups and one hydrogen directly attached
Description of a tertiary alcohol
Hydroxyl group is bonded to a C which has three carbon groups directly attached