Memorization things for AP Chem

Nitrates(NO3-)

Nitrate compounds are soluble

Group 1 compounds

Group 1 compounds are soluble

Acetates(C2H3O2/CH3OO)

Acetates are soluble

Sulfates(SO4)

Sulfates are soluble with exceptions

Ammonium(NH4)

Ammonium compounds are soluble

Group 17 compounds

Group 17 compounds are soluble with exceptions

Perchlorates/chlorates(ClO4 or ClO3)

Perchlorates/chlorates are soluble

Carbonates(CO3)

insoluble except with group 1 or NH4+

Phosphates(PO4)

insoluble except with group 1 or NH4+

Chromates(CrO4)

insoluble except with group 1 or NH4+

hydroxides(OH-)

insoluble except with group 1 or NH4+

Sulfides(S 2-)

insoluble except with group 1, group 2 or NH4+

7 Strong acids

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, HClO3, H2SO4

Strong Bases

Group 1 hydroxides(LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH), Group 2 hydroxides Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

Linear(bonds, lone pair, bond angle,polar/nonpolar)

2, 0, 180, nonpolar

Bent(bonds, lone pair, bond angle,polar/nonpolar)

2, 1, <120, nonpolar

Bent(bonds, lone pair, bond angle,polar/nonpolar) 2nd one

2, 2, <109.5, nonpolar

Trigonal planar(bonds, lone pair, bond angle,polar/nonpolar)

3, 0, 120, nonpolar

Trigonal Pyramidal(bonds, lone pair, bond angle,polar/nonpolar)

3, 1, 107, polar

T shaped(bonds, lone pair, bond angle,polar/nonpolar)

3, 2, <90 and 180, polar

Tetrahedral(bonds, lone pair, bond angle,polar/nonpolar)

4, 0, 109.5, nonpolar

Seesaw(bonds, lone pair, bond angle,polar/nonpolar)

4, 1, <180 <90 <120, polar

Square planar(bonds, lone pair, bond angle,polar/nonpolar)

4, 2, 90 and 180, nonpolar

Trigonal bipyramidal(bonds, lone pair, bond angle,polar/nonpolar)

5, 0, 120 90 180, nonpolar

Square Pyramidal(bonds, lone pair, bond angle,polar/nonpolar)

5, 1, 90 and 180, polar

Octahedral(bonds, lone pair, bond angle,polar/nonpolar)

6, 0, 90 and 180, nonpolar

Intermolecular force strength(IMF)

LDFs < dipole-dipole < hydrogen bonding < ion dipole

Periodic Trend(Radius)

increases downward and left

Periodic Trend(Ionization energy)

increases upward and right

Periodic Trend(Electronegativity)

increases upward and right

Ideal gas law

PV = nRT

Pressure and Volume relation

P1V1 = P2V2

Volume and Temperature relation

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Pressure and Temperature relation

P1/T1 = P1/T2

Kw = ?

Kw = 1.0×10^-14

Kw = 1.0×10^-14

Kw = Ka * Kb

14 = ?

14 = pH + pOH

pH = ?

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

At half equivalence point

pH = pKa

Oxidation is

loss of electrons

Reduction is

gain of electrons

Anode

oxidation

Cathode

reduction

delta H > 0

Endothermic

delta H < 0

Exothermic

delta G < 0

thermodynamically favorable

delta G > 0

thermodynamically unfavorable

Zero order graph linear

[A] vs time

First order graph linear

ln[A] vs time

Second order graph linear

1/[A] vs time