Anatomy & Physiology Exam

Trapezius (Origin)

spinous processes of C7–T12

Trapezius (Action)

Superior fibers elevate; middle fibers retract; inferior fibers depress scapula

Trapezius (Insertion)

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula.

Rhomboid Major (Origin)

spines of T2-T5

Rhomboid Major (Action)

fix scapula to thoracic wall.

Rhomboid Major (Insertion)

Medial border of scapula inferior to the spine

Rhomboid Minor (Origin)

Spines of C7-T1.

Rhomboid Minor (Insertion)

Medial border of scapula at spine level

Rhomboid Minor (Action)

Fix scapula to thoracic wall.

Levator Scapulae (Origin)

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1–C4

Levator Scapulae (Insertion)

Medial border of scapula, superior to the spine

Levator Scapulae (Action)

Elevates scapula

Serratus Anterior (Origin)

External surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1–8

Serratus Anterior (Insertion)

Anterior surface of medial border of scapula.

Serratus Anterior (Action)

Protracts scapula

Pectoralis Minor (Origin)

3rd–5th ribs near their costal cartilages

Pectoralis Minor (Insertion)

coracoid process of scapula

Pectoralis Minor (Action)

Stabilizes scapula

Pectoralis Major (Origin)

anterior surface of medial half of clavicle

Pectoralis Major (Insertion)

Lateral lip of intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus

Pectoralis Major (Action)

medially rotates humerus

Latissimus Dorsi (Origin)

Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae

Latissimus Dorsi (Insertion)

Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

Latissimus Dorsi (Action)

medially rotates humerus

Deltoid (Origin)

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Deltoid (Insertion)

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid (Action)

medially rotates arm.

Teres Major (Origin)

Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

Teres Major (Insertion)

Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Teres Major (Action)

medially rotates arm

Supraspinatus (Origin)

Supraspinous fossa

Supraspinatus (Insertion)

Greater tubercule

Supraspinatus (Action)

Initiates abduction

Infraspinatus (Origin)

Infraspinous fossa

Infraspinatus (Insertion)

Greater tubercle

Infraspinatus (Action)

Lateral rotation

Teres Minor (Origin)

Lateral border of scapula

Teres Minor (Insertion)

Greater tubercule

Teres Minor (Action)

Lateral rotation

Subscapularis (Origin)

Subscapular fossa

Subscapularis (Insertion)

Lesser tubercule

Subscapularis (Action)

Medial rotation

Occipitofrontalis (Action + Innervation)

Wrinkles the forehead and raises the eyebrows. Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Orbicularis Oculi (Action + Innervation)

Closes the eye. Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Corrugator Supercilii (Action + Innervation)

Pulls the eyebrows medially and inferiorly. Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Orbicularis Oris (Action + Innervation)

Closes, purses, and protrudes the lips. Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Buccinator (Action + Innervation)

Compresses the cheek against the teeth. Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Zygomaticus Major and Minor (Action + Innervation)

Elevates the corners of the mouth. Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Levator Labii Superioris (Action + Innervation)

Elevates the upper lip. Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Depressor Anguli Oris (Action + Innervation)

Pulls the corners of the mouth down (frowning). Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Risorius (Action + Innervation)

Pulls the corners of the mouth laterally. Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Mentalis (Action + Innervation)

Elevates and protrudes the lower lip. Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Biceps Brachii (Origin)

Short Head: Coracoid Process of scapula

Biceps Brachii (Inserts)

Radial Tuberosity

Biceps Brachii (Action)

Supinates forearm

Brachialis (Origin)

Distal half of the anterior humerus.

Brachialis (Insertion)

Tuberosity of Ulna

Brachialis (Action)

Primary flexor of the elbow

Triceps Brachii Long Head (Origin)

Infraglenoid Tubercle

Triceps Brachii Lateral Head (Origin)

Posterior of Humerus

Triceps Brachii Medial Head (Origin)

Posterior of Humerus Below Radial Groove

Triceps Brachii (Insertion)

Olecranon of Ulna

Triceps Brachii (Action)

Primary Extensor of Elbow

Brachioradialis (Origin)

Proximal 2/3 of lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus.

Brachioradialis (Insertion)

Styloid Process

Brachioradialis (Action)

Flexes elbow

Flexor Carpi Radialis (Origin)

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Flexor Carpi Radialis (Insertion)

Base of 2nd metacarpal

Flexor Carpi Radialis (Action)

Flexes the wrist

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (Origin)

Medial epicondyle of humerus.

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (Insertion)

Base of 5th metacarpal

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (Action)

Flexes the wrist

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (Origin)

Medial Epicondyle of humerus

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (Insertion)

Middle Phalanges

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (Action)

Flexes PIP Joints

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Origin)

Medial Epicondyle of humerus

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Insertion)

Distal Phalanges

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Action)

Flexes DIP Joints

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (Origin)

Lateral epicondyle

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (Insertion)

Base of the 5th metacarpal

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (Action)

Extends the wrist.

Extensor Carpi Radialis (Origin)

Lateral epicondyle

Extensor Carpi Radialis (Insertion)

Base of 3rd metacarpal

Extensor Carpi Radialis (Action)

Extends the wrist.

Extensor Digitorum (Origin)

Lateral epicondyle

Extensor Digitorum (Insertion)

Extensor expansions of medial four digits.

Extensor Digitorum (Action)

Extends the wrist

Group ID (Write Down):

Opponens pollicis.

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis.

Dorsal Interossei

Palmar Interossei

Opponens pollicis.

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis.

Dorsal Interossei

Palmar Interossei

Group ID (Write Down):

Masseter

Temporalis

Medial and Lateral Pterygoids

Platysma

Sternocleidomastoid

Omohyoid

Sternothyroid

Sternohyoid

Thyrohyoid

Scalenes

Geniohyoid

Mylohyoid

Stylohyoid

Digastric

Styloglossus

Genioglossus

Masseter

Temporalis

Medial and Lateral Pterygoids

Platysma

Sternocleidomastoid

Omohyoid

Sternothyroid

Sternohyoid

Thyrohyoid

Scalenes

Geniohyoid

Mylohyoid

Stylohyoid

Digastric

Styloglossus

Genioglossus

Gluteus Maximus (Origin)

Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line

Gluteus Maximus (Insertion)

Iliotibial tract

Gluteus Maximus (Action)

Major extensor of thigh

Gluteus Medius (Origin)

External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.

Gluteus Medius (Insertion)

Greater trochanter

Gluteus Medius (Action)

Medially rotates thigh

Gluteus Minimus (Origin)

External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines.

Gluteus Minimus (Insertion)

greater trochanter

Gluteus Minimus (Action)

medially rotates thigh

Tensor Fasciae Latae (Origin)

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Tensor Fasciae Latae (Insertion)

Iliotibial tract