Development

What was piagets theory called

Theory of cognitive development

Sensorimotor stage definiton

0-2, learn through senses, object permanance develops

Pre operational stage definition

2-7, egocentric, lack of conservation

Concrete operational stage definition

7-11, logical thinking develops, understands conservation

Formal operational stage

12+, abstract thinking and reasoning

What is egocentrism

Unable to see the world from any pov but their own

What is conservation

understanding that even though appearance changes, mass doesn’t

Sensorimotor stage in education

Singing helps language development

Pre-operational in education

Must do things rather than watch

Concrete operational stage in education

Ask children to do more than one thing at once

Formal operational stage

Discuss abstract concepts

Schema definition

mental structure based on experience that helps us understand the world

Assimilation definition

incoorporating new experiences into existing schemas

Accomodation definiton

When a schema no longer works and has to be changed to deal with new experience

Equilibirum definition

State of mental balance where all of a childs schemas work for them

Aim of 3 mountains task

To test egocentrim in children

Sample in 3 mountains task

100 children aged 4-12

Procedure of 3 mountains task

Children sit at table, match pictures to dolls view

Findings of 3 mountains task

4-6 year olds chose their own view (egocentric). 7+ understand dolls view

Strength of 3 mountains task

Highly controlled, increases reliablity

Weakness of 3 mountains task

Task may be hard for younger children, lacks validity

Aim of Gunderson

to see how parental praise affects beliefs about ability

Sample of gunderson

29 boys 24 girls studied over time

Procedure of gunderson

measured childrens idea about behaviour and related to parental praise

Findings of gunderson

Boys recieved more process praise, process praise leads to belief that effort is worth it

Strength of gunderson

Parents didnt know the true aim, redcued bias

Weakness of gunderson

Particpants were decieved about aim, unethical

Dwecks mindset theory

If you praise for ability, fixed mindset. If you praise for effort, growth mindset

Strength of Dweck

Teachers trained to praise effort not ability, practical applications

Weakness of Dweck

Many experiments for mindsets are in artificial setting, lacks validity

Willingham learning theory

Explain how learning can be improved in education

Willingham - Factual knowledge before skill (1)

more previous knowledge means easier to learn new skills

Willingham - The importance of practice and effort (2)

practice and rehearsing will ensure information travels from STM to LTM and stays fixed in LTM

Willingham - Strategies to support cognitive development

Teachers should give new task that require effort but are within ability range

Willingham - Strategies to support physcial development

children practice movements in same order till it becomes automatic

Willingham - Strategies to support social development

Demonstrate appropiate social behaviour, child use SLT and imitate

Strengths of willingham

Theory gives universal strategies, increase generalisibility

Weakness of willingham

Theory ignores individual difference in learning

Early brain development 3-4 weeks

long tube develops, splits into forebrain midbrain and hindbrain

Early brain development 5 weeks

Forebrain splits into anterior and posterior, hindbrain splits into middle, hindbrain doesnt split

Anterior definition

Front of brain

Posterior definiton

Back of brain

Early brain development 6 weeks

Cerebellum develops, medulla oblongata is in hindbrain infront of cerebellum

What does cerebellum control

Muscle movements

What does medulla oblongata control

Automatic responses