1 CELL CYCLE

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Last updated 8:47 PM on 5/20/26
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95 Terms

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Cell cycle

series of events leading to cell growth and division

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G1 phase

cell growth phase before DNA replication

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S phase

phase of DNA replication

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G2 phase

preparation phase before mitosis

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M phase

mitosis and cell division phase

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Interphase

G1, S, and G2 phases combined

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Cyclin

regulatory protein activating Cdks

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Cdk

kinase driving cell cycle progression

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Cyclin D/Cdk4/6

initiates G1 progression

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Cyclin E/Cdk2

triggers G1 to S transition

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Cyclin A/Cdk2

controls DNA replication

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Cyclin B/Cdk1

initiates mitosis

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MPF

maturation-promoting factor for mitosis

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Restriction point

commitment point before S phase

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G1/S checkpoint

checks conditions before DNA replication

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G2/M checkpoint

checks DNA before mitosis

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Spindle checkpoint

checks chromosome attachment

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RB

tumor suppressor inhibiting E2F

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E2F

transcription factor activating S phase genes

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Phosphorylation

addition of phosphate group

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Hyperphosphorylation

excessive phosphorylation causing inactivation

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p53

DNA damage response protein

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p21

Cdk inhibitor activated by p53

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p27

Cdk inhibitor linked to differentiation

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Tumor suppressor

protein preventing uncontrolled division

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CAK

kinase adding activating phosphate to Cdk

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Wee1

kinase adding inhibitory phosphate to Cdk

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Cdc25

phosphatase removing inhibitory phosphate

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Mitogen

signal stimulating cell division

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Growth factor

signal promoting cell growth

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Survival factor

signal preventing apoptosis

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Apoptosis

programmed cell death

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MYC

proto-oncogene promoting proliferation

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Proto-oncogene

normal growth-promoting gene

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Oncogene

mutated overactive growth gene

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APC/C

ubiquitin ligase initiating anaphase

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Ubiquitin

degradation tag for proteins

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Proteasome

protein degradation complex

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Securin

inhibitor of separase

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Separase

enzyme cleaving cohesin

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Cohesin

protein holding sister chromatids together

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Sister chromatids

duplicated identical chromosomes

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Metaphase

chromosome alignment stage

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Anaphase

chromatid separation stage

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Cell cycle arrest

stopping cycle progression

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DNA damage

alteration in DNA structure

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DNA replication

copying of DNA

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Chromosome segregation

distribution of chromosomes during mitosis