OB/GYN EOR Gynecology and Obstetrics Flashcards

Comprehensive practice flashcards for OB/GYN EOR exam covering Gynecology and Obstetrics based on detailed lecture notes.

What is the primary diagnostic criterion for Secondary Amenorrhea?

Absence of menses for >3 cycles or $6+$ months in a previously menstruating patient.

Define Menorrhagia as it relates to Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.

Prolonged or heavy bleeding (>7 days or >80\,mL) at regular intervals.

What is the most sensitive laboratory finding to confirm Menopause?

Increased FSH levels (FSH > 30) due to the lack of estrogen.

Which medication is considers the first-line treatment for severe PMDD emotional symptoms?

SSRIs, specifically Fluoxetine or Sertraline.

What is the gold standard for diagnosing Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?

PCR is the test of choice (TOC), though Tzanck smear can show multinucleated giant cells.

What criteria are used to diagnose Chancroid?

1. Painful genital ulcers; 2. Negative PCR/culture for HSV; 3. No evidence of Treponema pallidum; 4. Clinical signs/symptoms consistent with Haemophilus ducreyi.

What is the 'Chandelier sign' and what condition does it indicate?

It refers to cervical motion tenderness on physical exam, which is a classic sign of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).

What are the common findings on a Wet Mount for Bacterial Vaginosis?

Clue cells, a thin white/gray discharge, and an elevated vaginal pH of >5.

In Breast Cancer staging, what does a HER2(+) biomarker indicate?

The tumor is positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor.

What are the screening guidelines for cervical cytology in women aged 21-29?

Cytology (Pap smear) should be performed every $3$ years.

Which Gyn malignancy has the highest mortality and what is its common tumor marker?

Ovarian Neoplasms; common labs show elevated $CA-125$ levels.

How is Fibrocystic Disease of the breast characterized on physical exam?

'Rope-like' or nodular, painful/tender masses that are bilateral and show cyclic changes in size.

What is the definitive management for Ovarian Torsion?

Laparoscopy ASAP with detorsion to restore blood flow.

Define the differences between Cystocele and Rectocele.

Cystocele is bladder prolapse through the anterior vaginal wall, while Rectocele is rectum prolapse through the posterior vaginal wall.

What is the classic triad of symptoms for Endometriosis (the '3 Ds')?

1. Dyspareunia (painful sex); 2. Dyschezia (difficulty pooping); 3. Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation).

What is the most effective medical management to shrink Leiomyoma (Uterine Fibroids) prior to surgery?

Leuprolide (GnRH agonist).

What are the three components of the Rotterdam Criteria for PCOS diagnosis?

Two of the following three: 1. Oligo- or anovulation; 2. Cystic ovaries on US ('string of pearls sign'); 3. Biochemical or clinical signs of hyperandrogenism.

Describe the pathophysiology and first-line management for Urge Incontinence.

Pathophysiology: Detrusor overactivity. Management: Bladder training is first-line; Antimuscarinics like Oxybutynin are first-line pharmacological treatment.

What are the characteristics of Stage 2 Labor?

The period from complete cervical dilation to fetal expulsion.

Distinguish between the symptoms of Placenta Abruption and Placenta Previa.

Placenta Abruption: Sudden onset, painful 3rd-trimester bleeding (dark red) with a tender/rigid uterus. Placenta Previa: Sudden onset, painless 3rd-trimester bleeding (bright red) with a soft uterus.

What diagnosis is suggested by a 'snowstorm' or 'cluster of grapes' appearance on ultrasound?

Molar Pregnancy (Hydatidiform mole), a type of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease.

What are the diagnostic criteria for Preeclampsia?

Blood pressure >140/90 accompanied by proteinuria (>300\,mg/24\,hours or >+1 on dipstick) after $20$ weeks gestation.

What are the manipulative maneuvers utilized for Shoulder Dystocia?

Wood’s corkscrew (rotation of shoulders $180^{\circ}$) and Zavanelli maneuver (pushing the head back for emergent C-section).

How is Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) confirmed via diagnostic workup?

Speculum exam (pooling), (+) Nitrazine Test (pH >6.5 turning blue), and 'ferning' visible on microscopy.

What is the first-line intervention for Postpartum Hemorrhage caused by Uterine Atony?

Fundal massage is the first-line intervention; IV Oxytocin is the first-line pharmaceutical agent.