A&P LEC 1

What does 'Anatomy' mean?

'To take apart' – study of structure.

What does 'Physiology' mean?

Study of natural phenomena – function.

What key principle connects anatomy & physiology?

Form follows function.

Why is understanding anatomy & physiology important?

(1) Understand pathology, (2) Improve communication, (3) Shared precise language.

List the levels of structural organization in the human body (small → large).

Molecular → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism.

What are the 4 types of tissues?

Epithelial, muscle, nervous, connective.

What does 'Femur' mean?

Thigh.

What does 'Foramen magnum' mean?

Big hole.

What does 'Flexor digitorum' mean?

Flexes the fingers.

What does 'Sartorius' come from?

'Tailor.'

What does 'Hypo' and 'Sub' mean?

Under.

What does 'Brady-cardia' mean?

Slow heart rate.

What does 'Ab-duct' mean?

Move away.

What does '-itis' mean?

Inflammation.

What do '-ic, -ac, -ary, -ous' mean?

Pertaining to.

What is the anatomical position?

Standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward.

What does 'prone' mean?

Lying face down.

What does 'supine' mean?

Lying face up.

Name 3 nursing positions besides prone/supine.

Semi-Fowler’s, Fowler’s, Sims, Lateral.

What is the difference between Superior and Inferior?

Superior = above, Inferior = below.

What is the difference between Anterior and Posterior?

Anterior = front, Posterior = back.

What is the difference between Medial and Lateral?

Medial = toward midline, Lateral = away from midline.

What is the difference between Proximal and Distal?

Proximal = closer to trunk, Distal = farther from trunk.

What is the difference between Superficial and Deep?

Superficial = toward surface, Deep = away from surface.

What does the Sagittal plane divide the body into?

Left and right portions.

What does the Midsagittal plane divide the body into?

Equal left and right halves.

What does the Transverse plane divide the body into?

Superior and inferior portions.

What does the Coronal (frontal) plane divide the body into?

Anterior and posterior portions.

What does the Parasagittal plane mean?

Unequal left and right portions.

What lines body cavities?

Serous membrane (parietal = wall, visceral = organ surface).

What are the 4 main body cavities + example organ?

Cranial (brain), Pericardial (heart), Pleural (lungs), Peritoneal (GI organs).

Are organs inside cavities?

No – cavities are potential spaces.

What is cardiac tamponade?

Blood/fluid in pericardial cavity.

What is ascites?

Fluid in peritoneal cavity.

What is pneumothorax?

Air in pleural cavity.

Name the 4 abdominal quadrants.

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ.

Name the 9 abdominal regions.

1. Right hypochondriac 2. Epigastric 3. Left hypochondriac 4. Right lumbar 5. Umbilical 6. Left lumbar 7. Right iliac (inguinal) 8. Hypogastric (pubic) 9. Left iliac (inguinal).

Which abdominal regions contain the liver?

Right hypochondriac & epigastric.

What are the 2 main skeletal divisions?

Axial & Appendicular.

What are the bones of the upper limb?

Scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.

What are the bones of the lower limb?

Pelvic bones, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.

What are the bones of the axial skeleton?

Skull, mandible, sternum, ribs, vertebrae (cervical 7, thoracic 12, lumbar 5), sacrum.