Chapter 13 Community-Based Approach

Buying local can signal someone’s __________ and cultivates _____________

cultural capital, food identity

Interests of local people and places are understood and served best by people near those places

Localism

Why does the political left like local foood?

Rejection of corporate dominance

Why does the political right like local food?

Favors small-scale enterprises that rejects big government

Localism, prioritizes closer _______ between producers and consumers as a way to counter the ___________, ____________, and _______ harms of an increasingly industrialized food and agricultural system in an era of neoliberal globalization.

proximity, environmental, economic, social

Food that is produced and consumed within some specific community boundary, perhaps a town or a county, or where those exchanges happen within a certain delimited (and generally close) distance, as measured in linear terms (by the mile or kilometer)

Geographic proximity

People within some common physical geographic space will readily hold each other in regard, will like and trust one another, and will respect and support each other’s interests

Relational proximity

Local food is a promise for new ______ connections or reconnections among people in communities where _______ connections have decreased.

social, social

What are the 4 values of proximity?

1. Authenticity

2. Freshness

3. Traceability

4. Place of origin

Originally, farmers markets served as an opportunity to receive ___________ of the food retail dollar by circumventing __________ and reaching customers directly.

greater share, middlemen

Farmers markets are critiqued for catering more towards _________ and overlooking food _____ concerns of more disadvantaged communities

elite foodie interests, access

Farmers markets are more likely to be located in _________ populated places rather than _____ populated rural places.

densely, sparsely

One advantage of farmers markets is that _______ and ________ can interact more directly by sharing aspects of growing, preparing, and eating food

producers, consumers

One advantage of farmers markets is that they allow communication of __________ and ______ associated with local farming between producers and consumers

challenges, risks

Offers an annual share in the farm, where consumers pay a farm-set fe prior to the growing season and in return receive a weekly or biweekly share of the farm produce

Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA)

CSA’s put consumers at risk of ______________ with local farming

unpredictable challenges

Including more and different types of farmers could increase the supply of locally sourced food and give farmers who want alternatives to global commodity markets more opportunities to sell their products locally

Scaling up local food

The assumption that the local scale automatically and consistently confers benefits, rather than harms

Local trap

Significant food purchasing conducted by schools, hospitals, restaurants, and other private- or public-sector entities that regularly prepare meals in larger than household quantities

Farm-to-Institution

Even though a majority of school food comes from intermediated, rather than direct markets, local farmers and their farms may be connected to children in schools via educational programming, farm field trips, or school visits

Farm-to-school programs

The USDA defines local food as being _______ or less than _______ miles away

in state, 400

An elementary school in Upland, CA received millions of dollars in funding from the _______ to purchase local food and the ______ for farm-to-school projects in 120 different schools.

USDA, state

In Upland, CA, the schools that offered hands-on activities such as gardening and cooking had students who at 3x as many _____________ compared to students without those farm-to-school programs.

fruits and vegetables

One shortcoming of farm-to-school programs is that _______ is not available year-round or proximity-wise in all regions of the U.S.

produce

One advantage of farm-to-school programs is that students are understanding and respecting how hard it is to be a ______ and the _____________ itself.

farmer, food system

A tendency to view “local” as inherently better, sustainable, or just, without analyzing the actual social and political power relations involved

Unreflexive localism

_____________ describes the undermining of ___________ for marginalized groups by prioritizing privileged groups who can access local food.

Unreflexive localism, social justice

Recognizing both the benefits and limitations of localism

Reflexive localism

______________ involves analyzing the social, economic, and environmental impacts of local initiatives, rather than adopting “local” as a default good

Reflexive localism